Use and Dependence Alcohol and Cigarettes

USE AND DEPENDENCE ALCOHOL AND CIGARETTES Addiction And Addiction ADDICTION is a condition where a person repeatedly consumes something psychoactive substances that are natural or synthetic. PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE occurs when the body adapts to a substance so that the body's tissues accept it as a normal function. TOLERANCE is a process in which the body increases its adaptation to a substance requires a larger dose to achieve the same effect WITHDRAWAL OR DISCONTINUATION is a symptom of physical and psychological discomfort felt by a person when the use of the substance that caused him to become dependent is stopped or reduced Contributing Factors Someone Becomes Dependent REINFORCEMENT Positive reinforcement is an event or item that causes a person to gain pleasure after performing an action (eg: after smoking someone's cigarette feel joy) Negative reinforcement is the reduction or disappearance of uncomfortable feelings after an action (eg: after drinking alcohol stress disappears (temporarily) AVOID WITHDRAWAL CIRCUMSTANCES People who have used substances for a long period of time tend to prevent withdrawal occurs TERMS RELATING TO SUBSTANCE Cues (ex: words) related to substances can elicit actions to obtain these substances' This is in accordance with classical conditioning. HOPE People develop expectations about the outcome of a behavior, based on own experiences or seeing other people (eg: teenagers seeing people who drinking liquor seems sociable and mature so he wants to be like they) GENETICS Research shows identical twins show the same behavior in terms of smoking (tobacco addiction) SMOKE Throughout the world approximately 1 billion men and 250 million women are smokers 80% of smokers live in developing countries WHY PEOPLE SMOKE Psychosocial factors are the main factors that encourage teenagers to start smoking. Teenagers are more encouraged to smoke by their parents, friends and idol film stars smoke Adolescents who have low self-esteem, are naughty, and are sensation seekers will be more motivated to smoke BECOME A REGULAR SMOKER Smoking habits in teenagers will continue and increase if:  One of the parents is a smoker  Feeling that parents do not pay attention or even encourage smoking  Having relatives or friends who smoke  Naughty, thrill seeker, and low school motivation  Receive tobacco advertising  Being peer pressured to smoke (ex: “people will make fun of you if you don't smoke”)  Have a positive attitude towards smoking behavior (ex: "smoking can help  people when they feel tense")  Don't believe smoking can damage health (ex: smoking is only dangerous  for older people)  Confident that you can stop smoking if you want to stop SMOKING AND HEALTH CANCER The results of research show that smoking is related to various cancers (lung- lungs, mouth, esophagus, prostate, bladder, and kidneys) CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES Smokers' risk of developing coronary heart disease is 2-4 times higher than that of people who doesn't smoke COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), which is a chronic disease bronchitis and emphysema. More than 80% of COPD cases in America are related to smoke ALCOHOL ABUSE Why do people consume alcohol? The reason people consume alcohol is social and cultural factors, namely after observing people consuming alcohol appears to be very enjoyable. Beside it's sad feelings, low study grades, having drinking parents will increase urge to consume alcohol. Positive reinforcement is that people like the taste after drinking alcohol. Negative reinforcement means that people feel less negative emotions after drinking alcohol. Drinking Liquor And Health Mothers who consume a lot of alcohol during pregnancy can cause birth defects in the baby being born with low birth weight or fetal alcohol syndrome, which is damaged on the development of the nervous system, resulting in cognitive development and growth physically disturbed. Consuming alcohol can also cause liver disease called "cirrhosis". Besides that, drinking alcohol can also cause people to become loose control so that he acts endangering himself or others. Abuse of Illegal Drugs (Drug) Illegal drugs are psychoactive substances other than nicotine and alcohol. One of the drugs that Very popular is marijuana. 43% of American teens have tried marijuana before graduating from Senior High School. The reasons teenagers use drugs are almost the same as the reasons teenagers consume them alcohol and smoking, namely genetic, psychosocial and environmental factors.  Once someone tries to use drugs, they tend to repeat it again  Drugs are felt to make you feel better  Some people stated Using drugs can reduce anxiety and feelings of depression Reducing Substance Abuse PREVENTION OF SUBSTANCE USE The focus of prevention is to help people avoid starting to use substances. Effective prevention includes 3 focuses:  Public policy and legal approaches  Promotion of health and education  Family involvement approach