University:
Swansea University
Course:
PM-133 | Evolutionary and Molecular Genetics
Academic year:

2023
Views:

500

Pages:

4
Author:

Amal J.

ENZYMESCo- EnzymeEnzymes-5' deoxyadenosyl cobalaminMethyl malonyl mutase-Pyrovate debydiogenaneThiamine PyrophosphateMonamine oxidaneFlavin Adenine nucleofide-Nicolinamide Adenine Dinudeolide- Lactate dehydeogenaselycidoxal phosphate- Glycogen phosphorylaseCo enzyme A.- Acetyl COA carboxylaseBiotin- Pyrovate carboxylaseTetrahydeopolate- Thymidilate synthase.any Enzymes are biological catalysthydration of CO2CarbonicCO2 +H2OH2CO3anhydrase7 timesfastainpresence ofenzyme.Sobstrate EnzymeProductAll enzymes are proteins except ribozymes - RNA.Substrate binds to enzyme in it's active siteActive sites are specified by different aa residues in enzymes.Interaction between these groups and the suhstrate leads to formationof productThese interactions are non covalentelectrostaticH-bondingVandelwaalEnzymes are highly specific.eg:-DNA Pol I.EnzymesApoensyme + CojactorHolo-EnzymNon-ProteinProteinco-factorApoenzymeMetalco-enzyme Cojactorloosely bound toTightly bound toEnzymeEnzymeCo - substrateProsthetic group.Transition state occurs between substrate & product.highenergy thansubstrate andproductEaEnergy difference between transition state and substrate.(Energy of Activation).Enzymes help to lower Ea and speed up the reactionuncatalyzedcatalyzed.SubstrateProduct.Reaction cordinateSportanity of Readionchange in enthalpyAH -vechange in entropyEnergyDegree of randominess.AS = + veR,P AH = Hp-HRAS = Sp. ISRAS= +ve, SPmore entraps.AH+ve if Hp high Gibbs ree EnergyAvailable free energy which can be used to do anuseful workAG = AH-TAS -for a spontaneous reaction c for nonspontabeous reactionG= -VeAG=AveAt equilibuium, AG=O, energy of reactant & product will be equal.Many biological reactions are nonsportaneous, is DG= +vecoupled with sponianeous reactionsto make the overall reaction spontaneous &favourableGlucose Hexokinase Glucose 6-P[non- spontaneousATP(DG=yve)ADP [spontaneous(AG=-ve)