DEFINITION, THEORY & RESEARCH METHODS SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY - The scientific study of how people think, influence, and relate to others in social reality. - The main idea of social psychology is actually to help people or groups of people to understand various important issues in social life such as: promotion of healthy lifestyles, influence of mass media, political events, cultural context, eyewitnesses to crimes, leadership, attracting consumers, racial conflicts , etc. Aspects of Social Psychology - Characteristics and Behavior Do a person's actions have an impact on him...? The activities of parents and young people, are they the same or different...! - Cognitive Processes What do you think...? How do you judge something...! - Environmental Influence Weather changes: do they affect your actions....! The size of the living room: does it affect human thoughts and actions? - Cultural Context Do cultural norms or values influence our actions..! What are the (roles) of men and women...! Approaches in social psychology -Analysis level 1: Apart from social psychology, there are a number of other humanities and social science disciplines that study social behavior, but whichdifferent is the approach used/applied -Analysis level 2: Community/ societal Sociology, communications, economics, politics, anthropology, law, etc. The characters; Sigmund Freud, who observed and analyzed unconscious M Clinical psychology, developmental psychology, experimental psychology Interpersonal Social psychology, educational psychology, industrial and organizational psychology Historical Social Psychology -Classical Theories Psychoanalyst theory motivation Behaviorism theory - The characters include: JB Watson, Ivan Pavlov, Thordike, BF Skinner, and others: - These experts analyze learning processes that focus on observable (seen) behavior. Gestalt theory -Characters: Wolfgang Kohler, Kurt Koffka, Kurt Lewin, etc.: -This theory explains how people form coherent (whole) & meaningful perceptions based on the whole, not based on the parts -Contemporary theories • Motivation theory • Learning theory • Cognitive theory • Decision making theory • Interdependence theory • Socio-cultural theory • Evolutionary social psychology FK Unimal Psychology Study Program • Current social psychology theories Social Psychology Research Methods -Scientific method - Procedures (steps) or scientific processes to obtain knowledge systematically by presenting a number of empirical (real) evidence. - Social psychology is an empirical science, so social psychology uses systematic methods to collect various information about social life, and also to test the usefulness of a theory. -Research purposes - Description : Systematic explanation of a phenomenon Generalization (universal vs cultural specific) - Causal analysis: - Theory preparation: Cause and effect Model/conceptual of the phenomenon -Research Applications - Daily problem solving - Selecting research participants -Population & Research Sample Random sample (random sample): Difficulties (usually) occur in; for example, taking/determining samples from students, gender, ethnicity, minority groups, prostitution, sexual harassment, etc. Research design - Correlational vs experimental - Natural/field vs laboratory settings - Data collection technique - Self-reporting - Observation - files - Bias in research - Experimenter bias - Subject bias Research Procedures Model Research: - Individual & private - Develop ideas, study literature in the library - online, etc The next process: - Involve other people - Participants People who read research reports: - Affected directly or indirectly, and that person has the right to be treated honestly and respectfully by the researcher - Ethics is required in research. Research ethics Research ethics: - It is the researcher's responsibility to be honest and respect the rights of all individuals affected by their research or reports of their research results - Researchers are usually governed by ethical guidelines that help them to make appropriate decisions and choose appropriate actions - Research ethics does not have to be related to issues of morality, but rather to the appropriateness/appropriateness of behavior demonstrated by researchers - American Psychological Association(APA) has principles of research ethics, including: No harm(not harmful/harmful) Privacy and confidentiality(confidentiality) Institutional approval(institutional approval) Competence( researcher competency) Record keeping(save recording) Informed consent to research (agreement) Dispensing with informed consent(backwards) Offering incentives for research participation(reward) Deception in research (deception/cheating) Debriefing The most important ethical issues in psychological research include: - Informed consent - Debriefing - Minimal risk Examples of Research Topics - Research on brain damage in individuals due to repeated impacts to the head of boxers or football players. - Before conducting serious field research, researchers need to answer questions (research ethics): • Who is being researched? • What kind of experiments were carried out? • What about physical violence against participants? - Another interesting research topic: on sexual harassment behavior in individuals: • How to measure it? • How to observe it? • What is individual privacy?