MENTAL SYMPTOMS 1. Observation Observation is a human's attempt to get to know the real world, both about himself and the world around him, by seeing it, hearing it, smelling it, feeling it or tasting it. The way to recognize the object is called observing, while seeing, hearing and so on areobservation modality.In other words, observation modalities are differentiated based on the five senses we use to observe. 2. Response Response is defined as an image that remains in memory after we observe an object. Because of this, responses are also often referred to as shadows. In the process of observation a picture occurs in a person's soul. It turns out that the image as a result of the observation process does not immediately disappear after the observation is completed. Humans have other abilities besides the ability to perceive, namely the ability to imagine or respond back to things they have observed. This ability also shows that the picture is happening at the moment observations do not just disappear, but can be stored in the individual's soul. The process of perceiving or re-imagining isrepresentation, namely re-imagining or recreating the image that existed at the time of observation. Both in observation and in response, both can form a picture, but in general the picture in observation is clearer and more complete than the picture in response. 3. Fantasy Fantasy is defined as the soul's ability to form new responses or images with the help of existing responses, and these new responses do not have to be the same or in accordance with existing objects.. Fantasy can occur consciously or unconsciously. Consciously if the individual is truly aware of his fantasy, whereas unconsciously if the individual is not consciously guided by his fantasy. Conscious fantasies are often distinguished between creating fantasies and led fantasies. A creative fantasy is a type of fantasy that creates completely new responses. For example, a student makes an essay based on his fantasy. Meanwhile, led fantasy is a type of fantasy that is guided or follows someone's image other. For example, a student who reads a story then imagines new places based on the story he read. 4. Attention There are various classifications of attention, namely: 1) On the basis of intensity, namely the amount of awareness that accompanies an activity, attention is divided into: a. Intensive attention, namely attention that includes many aspects of consciousness b. Non-intensive attention, namely attention that does not include many aspects of awareness Thus, the more awareness that accompanies an activity, the more intensive the attention will be. 2) On the basis of the extent of the object that is subject to attention: a. Focused attention, namely attention focused on a limited range of objects b. Scattered attention, namely attention that is focused on a wide range of objects or is focused on many objects at once 3) On the basis of how it arises, attention is divided into: a. Spontaneous attention, namely attention that arises by itself, or arises spontaneously. This attention arises involuntarily or without effort. b. Reflexive, or non-spontaneous, attention, namely attention that is generated intentionally, therefore there must be a will to generate it. 5. Memory All kinds of learning involve memory. If an individual cannot remember anything about his experiences, he will not be able to learn anything. In general, experts view memory as a connection between experiences and the past. With the ability to Remember, humans are able to store and recreate what they have experienced. However, not everything that humans have experienced can be brought back. In other words, sometimes there are things that cannot be recalled. Experts distinguish three stages in memory, namely entering messages in memory (encoding), storage (storage), and remembering ( retrieval ). Therefore, memory is usually defined as the ability to enter, store and recall messages. 6. Think The normal thinking process according to Mayer includes three main components as follows: 1) Thinking is a cognitive activity that occurs in a person's mind or mind, it is not visible, but can be inferred based on visible behavior. For example, a chess player shows his thought process through the movements or steps he takes. 2) Thinking is a process that involves some manipulation of knowledge in the cognitive system. Knowledge previously held (stored in memory) is combined with current information to change a person's knowledge about the situation at hand. 3) Thinking is directed and produces problem solving actions or is directed towards solving problems. Like a chess player, every move he makes is directed towards winning the game, although not every move he makes is successful, in general in his mind all the moves are directed towards a solution. 7. Intelligence According to Spearman, intelligence contains 2 factors: 1)General abilities(G factor) It is a factor that underlies all people's behavior. So in every behavior there is the same g factor. 2)Special abilities(S factor) It is a factor that functions in specific behavior. So in different behaviors there will be different s factors, but the g factors are the same. Another factor theory was put forward by Sternberg, who developed Triarchic theory of intelligence. According to Sternberg there are 3 elements in intelligence: 1)Componential . This is the ability to think abstractly, process information, and determine what needs to be done 2)Experiential . It is the ability to learn from experience, so that it can be used to carry out familiar tasks efficiently. 3)Contextual . It is an individual's ability to adapt to the environment in solving problems in specific situations. Often referred to as practical intelligence.