What are the salient features of art and architecture during the Hellenistic period?
Explain its origin and impact on other cultures of the world (25)
The art and architecture of this era mainly focused on personal lives. The sculptures and paintings made, depicted the figures having personal feelings and showing emotions. During this era Idealism was present. Most of the sculptures made were sponsored by the elites, especially royal portraiture was very common. To mark the achievements and to identify a ruler, they were made to appear in coins, bronze, and ivory applications for furniture.
3d compositions were widely used involving swirling draperies. The artists started drawing the figures with vivid depictions of suffering and being disturbed through agitated expressions. There was a plight of an enemy, Galatians who they lost against the Greeks.
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Nike of Samuel 3, Nike lighting on a warship from Greece made in marble is another is example of the artworks. In this artwork, the figure seems to be in motion and is depicted celebrating victory. His wings are flapping as the wind gushes. The wet drapery effect was used in which the effect of constructing in parallel curves is used.
The Venus day is an Aphrodite sculpture that focuses on eroticism and experimentation with slipping garments.
The cities of classical Greece portray a sense of democracy and a sense of community. But with the increasing rivalry between all the cities, Greece lost its image, expanded, and transformed. The classical cities of Greece were small whereas the Hellenistic cities were more focused towards public spaces. They also remained the centers of political activities and religious activities and other events. In the central city, there was a central marketplace. The shops and public judgment seats were in the marketplace in Bima.
Temples were located behind the marketplaces and basilicas were towards the north of the entrance colonnade.
In turkey, Priene was divided into religious, political, cultural, and commercial areas. The streets were planned from East to west. The north of the city was such that the architecture also focused on designing the spaces theatrically. They were built on a new monumental scale. They used stoa and the rest of the city used passive solar designs.
An example of this is the Temple of Horus which is located in Alexandria. Innovations were seen in this city and it had eight quatrefoils. The Egyptian influence could be seen in the capitals. Lily came into existence in the Hellenistic era even though it did not exist in Egyptian architecture.
The temple of Apollo at Didyma is another example that was never completed but its design is considered very dramatic. People had to go through a dark corridor to reach the bright courtyard where the shrines of the gods were placed. The building had a high platform, 64' high and 10' wide columns that made it even more dramatic. There were oracles where the prophecies were given to the kings.
Athena battling Alkyoneos is another example that commemorates the battle that the Ionians won over the Galatians, hence, it holds an emotional and powerful significance. The building has violent movements and swirling draperies with a vivid depiction of suffering.
The Hellenistic influence could be seen in the capitals. Lily came into existence in the Hellenistic era even though it did not exist in Egyptian architecture. They started making statues of Greek gods as well. The temples being built in different places was also because of the impact they had on other regions. In turkey, Priene was divided into religious, political, cultural, and commercial areas. The streets were planned from East to the west which was also a result of Hellenistic influence.
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