Renaissance or 'rebirth' is an artistic movement that started in Italy at the end of the 14th century and spread in the early 17th century. During this period some old ideas were revived and many new ones were created. It resulted in many impacts, but the greatest impact of the Renaissance is technological advancements - advancements such as the steam engine, the printing press, telescope, mechanical cloth, rocket launching tubes, magnetic compass, microscope, flush toilets, matches, eyeglasses, thermoscope, and the barometer (Turner, 2005). These items were not necessary to human life but improved and made the quality of everyday life better and easier. These lead to various changes in society, for instance - changing the everyday lifestyle of people. The Renaissance was responsible for many great inventors such as Leonardo Da Vinci, who was also a great artist and architect.
The Renaissance brought several changes to Europe. The economy was greatly boosted by all the new explorations. The flourishing economy helped to inspire new developments in art and literature. And from that several new beliefs were shaped. The then-European economy flourished throughout the Renaissance because of several factors. There was an outsized financial gain returning in from overseas exploration. The Kingdom of Spain alone received supplementary financial gain from Columbus. Once he stumbled across North America on his way to discover a shorter route to West Indies. The exploration down the coast of the continent additionally brought in an exceeding heap of additional financial gain. This financial gain came from the exploitation of the Africans by capturing them and the mercantilism of them as slaves. More financial gain conjointly came from establishing colonies in the continent and putting in place gold mines and mines for different required metals. With all of this further financial gain returning to the then-European countries, they gained more money to assist fund the arts (Andrea, 1997).
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During the Renaissance, there have been several dynamic changes within the form of art. Giotto di Bondone was an immensely influential painter, whose influence resided throughout the beginning of the Renaissance. In Giotto’s work, he used three-dimensional pictures, this being a dynamic amendment from the classic art where the depth wasn't used. His paintings were exceptionally realistic and true to life, in contrast to the previous centuries' art. Giotto’s work galvanized artists the likes of Leonardo de Vinci, Raphael, and Michelangelo. Michelangelo painted the Sistine Chapel, which can be found within the Vatican in Rome. The Sistine Chapel portrayed the book of Genesis (History.com, n.d.). The style in which it had been painted was in contrast to another at the time, therefore all the characters within the Sistine Chapel are extremely life-like and realistic. Additionally, it had been one of the primary times that religion was painted by the opinion of the events portrayed by the painters.
The artworks developed new ways of thinking. The artists started thinking along with the arts and those movements began to spread. What the church said was no longer believed to be the truth. Humanism, one of the latest Renaissance-formed values, said people should read the works of the greats and concentrate on literature and the arts. Humanists felt that they were comparable with Greek and Roman authors and thinkers of ancient times. The first humanist was Petrarch and the writer who wrote many letters to the people of Ancient Rome. He spoke as if he were the same as them in those documents. Scholasticism, which was the opposite of humanism, was another of the new beliefs. Scholars thought people had to spend more time in science and they decided to combine church and science as one.
Many of the doctrines of the churches were challenged as new scientific findings were made. Some of the new scientific discoveries were theories that contradicted the beliefs of the churches. One hypothesis that proved to be true was that the Earth actually revolved around the sun. Instead, in the opinion of the churches, everything revolved around the earth. Copernicus, the founder of modern astronomy, showed this hypothesis to be valid. Kelper also observed the movement of planets as a mathematician and scientist. As the church was gradually being challenged, and new religions quickly began to develop, the Protestant religion was the major religion that was formed during the Renaissance. The Christian faith began to spread throughout Europe, and the main church of England was a Protestant church at a certain point in time. This New Europe, improved mainly by the bellowing economy, exploration, art, literature, and new discoveries, was not just a natural development but through a higher civilization, namely the Chinese, which inspired a new Western power growth (Jardine, 1996). There would be no European Renaissance if it were not for the Chinese version of the Renaissance that took place about a thousand years earlier.
Unlike the Japanese, the Chinese had many valuable innovations abused by the Europeans. One of the main Chinese innovations was the compass. The Chinese did not have to make use of the technology European people used in fueling their Renaissance was the printer's press. Some views of being respectable and being a gentleman were a crucial part because in China they had all they wanted. Baldassare Castiglione wrote The Courtier, an influential book about how to be a gentleman. During the Chinese Renaissance, Confucius, a Chinese philosopher wrote about the same idea. And, in essence, a superior civilization, the Chinese, influenced the European Renaissance. The Renaissance was a major step forward from the state in all aspects of life relative to the Middle Ages, winning from the explorations, the crafts and culture, and the new scientific findings and ideas. So, in European history, the Renaissance was a very positive period of time.
Coming to the great inventions, the steam engine was presented in the 1st century by a Greek mathematician known as the ‘Legend of Alexandria’ (History.com, n.d.). Basic steam motors were produced from the sixteenth century onwards. Thomas Savery built up the principal water direct fueled by steam and this was considered the primary steam engine of the cutting-edge technology at the time. Steam engines were used later on in the industrial revolution for factories and mines. It was one of the Renaissance’s greatest inventions; it had various uses for things such as transportation, mines, and factories later on in the industrial revolution.
Johannes Guttenberg, a German and a goldsmith by name built up the primary printing press. Guttenberg began the undertaking of delivering the printing press in AD 1436 with obtained cash and was finished effectively in AD 1440. The printing press created by Guttenberg utilized metal letters that could be placed effectively with different letters. The gathered information of the earlier hundreds of years was made accessible to everyone by the speedy, easy, and simple printing framework created by Guttenberg. This made the production of books easier, this led to an increase in the stock of books.
The credit for the telescope goes to Galileo Galilei. A Dutch focal point creator offered another instrument that can be utilized to see the inaccessible things amplified. When Galilei came to think about this reality, he began building the gadget himself. In 1609 he started to utilize this instrument known as a telescope to get an understanding and turned into the main individual to do such (Michelet, 1965). This invention heavily helped with researching things that are beyond this earth.
Before the mechanical clock, humans had more trouble tracking time and had less of an understanding of the concept of time, thankfully the mechanical clock came into place. The presentation of the mechanical clocks wound up a lot to quantify the day and age of multi-day as twenty-four hours and its divisions. It is trusted that Filippo Brunelleschi in Florence, Italy, created mechanical clocks in 1410. Leonardo Da Vinci, the well-known inventor, and the researcher does not hold the credit for imagining and creating the mechanical clock, however, had contributed significantly to the improvement of the cutting-edge mechanical clock (History.com, n.d.).
Another significant improvement in the science world was the microscopic lens created in 1590 by Zacharias Janssen and his dad in Holland. It was a microscopic magnifying instrument with two focal lenses. The magnifying instrument was utilized for reviewing things extremely little, making it impossible to be seen by the eye. In 1660, Dutch researcher and magnifying lens manufacturer Anton van Leeuwenhoek was the first to think about microbes utilizing a magnifying lens. His magnifying lens had an amplifying intensity of up to 270 times bigger than genuine size and utilized a single lens. This was thought to be the best accessible power for his chance, used to contemplate microorganisms and human platelets. This allowed scientists to view almost anything that wasn’t visible to the naked human eye. This allowed scientists to better understand microscopic objects and their characteristics.
Robert Boyle, the popular scientist, was the main individual on earth to deliver fire by the activity of two substances that were made ready for the coordinate boxes. He found that if phosphorus and sulfur are rubbed together they would right away burst into fire. He was persuaded that the rubbing between the two substances isn’t the purpose behind the arrangement of the flares (Michelet, 1965). The advanced matches were produced because of further experimentation in 1827 by John Walker, an English physicist, and pharmacist. He utilized antimony sulfide, potassium chloride, gum, and starch to make the principal set of grinding matches. This is the perfect example of how an invitation if not completed by the inventor himself will later on in history be developed by creators such as John Walker.
It is well-trusted that the eyeglasses were developed by Salvino D’Armate who lived in Florence (History.com, n.d.). This obviously was a great advancement for people with eyesight problems, if it were not for this invention glasses may have never been invented. This allowed people with eyesight problems to complete everyday activities in a much easier manner.
Finally, to summarize everything that has been said, the Renaissance was a time between the fourteenth and seventeenth centuries that was responsible for huge amounts of technical advances which all improved the quality of life and helped advance the world. If it wasn't for the Renaissance, all the innovations that exist today might not be here.
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