Within Cross Cultural Psychology (CPP) there has been significant research focusing on body image in an attempt to understand further what this means. Currently there is no clear cut definition on what body image is, but CPP focuses on the variations in human behaviour in regards to cultural contexts (Berry et al., 2002). It acknowledges the relationship between cultural contexts in human development and the behaviours established within an individual through growing up in a culture (Friedlmeier, Chakkarath & Schwarz,...
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I have always been slightly jealous of those who I think are better than me. It makes me yearn for equality. But, since reading Harrison Bergeron and The Lottery, I think I changed my mind. Two short stories The Lottery was written by Shirley Jackson, and Harrison Bergeron was written by Kurt Vonnegut. Jackson’s story The Lottery, in which the residents of an unidentified American village participate in an annual rite of stoning to death a person chosen among them...
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The Usher mansion is transformed into the lifeless counterpart of the inhabitants. It is a symbol and a valuable character that makes the transition between the realm of the dead and that of the living creatures; it symbolizes death and decomposition. Its walls are encapsulating and suffocating the Usher twins, bringing the fall both inwardly and outwardly. Poe transforms the archetype of the Jungian womb and maternal figure into a cold container that soon will destroy its ”objects”, like a...
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Understanding Sherman Alexie's life from early childhood until now, is a significant way to understand his works and Native American society in the past and in the current time as well. Sherman Alexie is a prominent contemporary native American author. He was born on the Spokane Indian Reservation in Welpinit, Washington on October 7, 1966. Despite the hydrocephalic disease, water in his brain, from his birth, Alexie could read by the age of three. He read Steinbeck's The Grapes of...
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Commonly anxiety is caused through environmental factors such as personal relationships, school, job, or financial predicament can contribute greatly to anxiety disorders. Anxiety plagues the mind by a constant state of worry, dread, and fear. This eventually would lead to domination over one’s thought processes to the extent that it starts to interfere with daily functioning such as work, school, social activities, and relationships. These frequent overwhelming feelings can lead one to drug use, alcohol use, eating disorders, or even...
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Mary Wollstonecraft was born in 1759 to a middle-class family in England. While her father Edward had at one point enjoyed significant financial comfort, he eventually squandered a large portion of his wealth on a variety of projects that failed to yield returns. Frustrated at his prospects, Edward became an abusive drunk who viciously beat his wife Elizabeth. Wollstonecraft was deeply affected by the tyrannical nature of her abusive father who completely subjugated and emotionally destroyed his wife. During her...
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By developing of Machiavelli’s political theory and ideas based on the government in a philosophic way that influenced the important names such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau, John Locke, and Immanuel Kant, Thomas Hobbes, being among the founders of modern political philosophy, emphasized the importance of the social contract and the state of human nature in his well-known work called Leviathan in the 17th century. Thomas Hobbes is considered as a substantial English philosopher since not only his reputation still goes on,...
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International trade and economic transactions between countries. Commonly traded items include consumer goods, such as televisions and clothing; capital goods, such as machinery; and raw materials and foodstuffs. Other transactions include services, such as travel services and payments for foreign patents. International commercial transactions are facilitated by international financial payments, in which the private banking system and the central banks of commercial nations play important roles. International trade and accompanying financial transactions are generally carried out for the purpose of...
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Pregnancy and childbirth are arguably the most significant periods in the lives of many women across the globe. Whilst the stages of pregnancy and childbirth are consistent biologically worldwide, the traditions surrounding them, the care of both the foetus and the mother, the amount of medical intervention and gender roles all differ substantially between varying cultures. Specific cultures explored in this essay include the Western culture, Indian culture, Chinese culture, Brazilian culture, the culture of the Canadian Inuits and the...
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Toni Morrison’s novels normally have 2 common themes of heritage and the past effects which are clearly represented in her novels Song of Solomon and Beloved. In these novels, if evaluated closely one can see the effects of the supernatural elements throughout the story. These supernatural effects allow for the characters to develope and gives them the ability to move on and develop themselves with reference to their past. Examining the two evaluate and understand how the novels make the...
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African-American characters play critical roles in the work of William Faulkner. Not only do they often play irreplaceable roles in the narrative — as in the cases of Dilsey Gibson in The Sound and the Fury and Lucas Beauchamp in Intruder in the Dust — but how they are treated in the works also often serve as measures of both the moral compass and very identity of the white South. Not all of Faulkner’s fiction gives these characters names, however....
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There are many definitions of conflict, but in a basic essence we can say that conflict is a clash of interest. (Baker, 2018) It is a disagreement between two objectives or attitudes. Conflicts can occur in various situations, as exemplified by common scenarios of people arguing on a road or shouting at each other in a traffic jam. Another most popular conflict zone is at work where the ideology of the boss and the employee differs. It is usually common...
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“Throughout the dangerous six-day drive across the Sahara, the group only stopped for shelter and food. But on one occasion when they stopped for sleep at a desert village, some of the drivers picked out female migrants among the group, took them away and only returned the next morning.” (The Harrowing, Step-by-Step Story of a Migrant's Journey to Europe). The purpose of this report is to highlight the causes of the European Migrant Crisis, the treatment of refugees, the process...
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Ernest Miller Hemingway, born July 21, 1899 and died July 2, 1961, was recognized as a very prominent novelist throughout his life. Hemingway based his novel, A Farewell to Arms, on personal life experiences he encountered when he was involved in World War l. Hemingway came from a very competent background as the son of a doctor, Clarence Edmond Hemingway, and a talented but unsuccessful singer, Grace Hall Hemingway (Young). As a child, Hemingway undertook many different hobbies including playing...
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You may think that domestic violence isn’t a big issue but it is as big as any other problem in the world. Many men and women die every day because of domestic violence. Just imagine you have a friend or anyone you care about in a relationship and they are being abused by their partner and one day you get a phone call that he or she has died because of their abusive partner. How would you feel that you...
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Introduction This essay aims to track the developments in media gatekeeping through the emergence of the digital era and the boom in adoption of social media sites for news gathering, distribution and consumption. It begins with a history of the gatekeeping theory and how it has developed before going on to determine who, in the social media era, are the gatekeepers? It looks at how traditional media outlets like newspapers have adapted and how Twitter have encroached and given the...
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Albert Camus (1913–1960) was a French-Algerian philosopher, journalist and novelist. Perhaps not as much of a philosopher (as he denied himself to be) as a novelist with a strong philosophical bent, he is most famous for his work on the Myth of Sisyphus and his novels of ideas, such as The Stranger and The Plague. Camus used both his fictional novels alongside with the Myth of Sisyphus in contest with philosophy itself to present his central concern of what Camus...
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The American Dream: the belief that, despite surrounding circumstances, and no matter where they were born or what social class they are in, anyone can achieve their very own version of success within society. However Arthur Miller’s “Death of a Salesman” shows Willy Loman’s determination to put his children’s success before his own and his beliefs that the American Dream should be to have a simplistic lifestyle that has less of a focus on materialistic items yet still fulfills their...
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Introduction to Hemingway's Use of Symbolism and Recurring Themes Hemingway is often regarded as one of the most influential writers of American literature stemming from the lost generation. His literary works largely relate to his own life and world views. In his literature Hemingway employs many literary devices including symbolism to represent certain notions. Along with symbolism, Hemingway’s literary works also incorporate themes like miscommunication, masculinity and alcohol. The themes discussed in Hemingway’s literature are pertinent to Hemingway’s life and...
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In this essay, I will explore the way Kazuo Ishiguro’s Never Let Me Go and Jennifer Egan’s Black Box deal with genre and identity. Ishiguro combines science-fiction and bildungsroman in his work to depict the touching story of a human clone, Kathy H, as she develops from childhood and faces her fatal destiny as an organ donor and to explore the politics of a system that seeks to delegitimise her identity and exploit her. Similarly, Egan’s work explores science-fiction paired...
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In examining questions of legislation and civics in the works of James Hogg and Walter Scott, it would do well to examine which legal and philosophical framework they were writing in the wake of. John Erskine of Carnock is particularly useful in this regard as he sought to systemise Scots law in its entirety, based on his expertise as a jurist and legal scholar. The Institutes of the Law of Scotland was completed and published posthumously, in 1773, by Erskine’s...
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Abstract In this essay I will touch upon the question of comparing the Park culture of China and Russia on such criteria as classification, organization of the Park and the purpose of use. Here we will consider tree types of parks: National Park, Historical park, and Recreation Park. At the heart of my reasoning will be my own experience and some literature devoted to this issue. Introduction During my first year in Shanghai, I visited many different places, but I...
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‘’If you don’t understand cultural appropriation, imagine working on a project and getting an F and then somebody copies you and gets an A and credit for your work’’ Cultural appropriation is defined as the ignorant adoption of the styles, patterns or designs of a minority group or society, by a majority society, (e.g. the West). For hundreds of years multiple cultures have been exploited for their native designs and styling while the fashion and media industry have remained ignorant...
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Within the American novella, authors such as Hawthorne and Wharton value the presence of the wilderness in their respective narratives, but to differing levels. The representation of wilderness within the authors’ narratives is used to express the inner most feelings of their characters, whilst being simultaneously presented as a physical threat that shapes the lives of others. Wilderness poses as something to be feared and is characterised in a hostile way, emphasising how some characters are in fact inextricable from...
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Introduction to Theories of Punishment Punishment has always been the traditional method of crime control. Punishment is the intentional infliction of torture and hurt, yet punishment has been an area of significant dispute (Hucklesby & Wahidin, 2013). When looking at theoretical justifications for punishment outside the criminal justice system, it is important to address the main theories of punishment and what they aim to achieve. These theories can be placed under two categories – Utilitarianism and Retributivism. Utilitarianism: A Forward-Looking...
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