Ch.6, The Revolution Within
In what ways did political and religious liberties expand after the Revolution? (Democratizing Freedom + Toward Religious Toleration
The Revolution more desirable the variety of American Christianity and improved the idea of religious liberty. The separation of church and state created the social and political area that allowed all types of spiritual establishments to flourish, the way of life of character rights of which that separation was once a phase threatened to undermine church authority “ As remarkable as the expansion of political freedom was the revolution's impact on American religion” (Foner, p.g. 223). At this time no one really knew if people could tolerate different beliefs because one of the main beliefs were “quakers”. Another main factor in the expansion was the “Quebec act” which was to allow Canadian Catholics to worship freely, as part of a plot to establish “popery” in North America. John Carrol of Maryland America’s first Roman Catholic bishop visited Boston and got a great welcome from the Americans. Another example would be that in the United States there was arranged marriages, but just like many in the US many younger members refused which led to the term “The American Freedom”. (Foner, p.g. 227). Church today has many growing religions, many support their faith first and many don’t believe in anything. Through religion throughout its time a lot has changed and many are Catholics or Christians from where i am from.
How did the Revolution affect the status of women? (Daughters of Liberty)
During the revolution, only few women contributed to the struggle for independence. In acts of trying to get independence one woman took it to the next level and disguised herself as a man in 1782. Her name was Deborah Sampson and she enlisted in the continental army. This really reminds me of the movie “Mulan” where she joins the army as a man to help fight off evil. From this Deborah influenced many other women to fight for independence. “Within American household, women participated in the political discussions unleashed by independence” (Foner, p.g 246). With just one spark into leading a nation into independence women like Sarah Franklin and Esther Reed organized an association to help raise funds to help assist American soldiers. Although men still wanted to be in command over the armies and household women still didn’t get treated equally and were forced to just wait on what will happen next. Women to this day still don’t really get the attention they deserve for their hard work and love women put themselves into. Just like Sarah Franklin and Esther Reed, both of those girls came from very glorified men. Would the situation change if they didn’t come from men with such power? Or like our Mulan girl she stood up for what she believed in and got a reward for doing what she thinks was right. Believing that all women should be treated the same just like men and have equal pay like men but that never happened. It took awhile until women would be in a position of power. Like today not many women are in the position of power because of their status. We still judge women to be weak and only meant to be in the kitchen. You even see it in commercials today how women aren’t taken seriously to the public and its true. I think it will never happen where a women can become in a position of power. It will be awhile until something like that will happen in my lifetime or possibly even my child’s lifetime, their child’s lifetime and so on. The status of women remains the same where men still think women are weak and belong at home where they can make a difference in the world. I see change in women to this day for example some movies, they show where women can be strong and lead by themselves and how they don’t need no man to help them succeed or fight off enemies. Change will happen for women but their status in the workforce is still deemed low.
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Ch.7, Founding a Nation (1783-1789)
What events and ideas led to the belief in 1786 and 1787 that the Articles of Confederation were not working well? (America Under the Confederation)
Since America was at war, Americans found it hard to get money to finance the war. Congress issued tons of (written promises to pay money back from a loan). missing a source of money/ income the government couldn’t pay the promised loans. shays fighting against authority. in late 1786 early 1787, crowds of (money owed) ridden farmers closed the courts in massachusetts to prevent the seizure of their lands due to lack of paying taxes. governor james bowdoin ended them. the fighting against authority identified that the government must be strengthened so that it could develop uniform money-based policy. Money is always the problem and because of that people began to believe that the Articles of Confederation wasn’t working. “ The only powers specifically granted to the national government by the Articles of Confederation were those essential to the struggle for independence” (Foner, p.g. 255). This led to people believing it only supports certain areas of the United States. The articles of confederation made the national government impossible. Making certain laws that only relate to certain states would mean that other states wouldn’t get the same benefits, but throughout desperate time it really didn’t matter what the people think. Everyone always wants more, no matter what you change, no matter what you do, they will always want more. For example money, you can never have too much of it and you can never have too little of it. People will always want more from you and from the articles of confederation people wanted more and to this day people will continue to want more.
What were the major arguments in support of the Constitution given by the Federalists? What were the major arguments against the Constitution put forth by the Anti-Federalists? (The Ratification Debate and the Origin of the Bill of Rights)
The Federalists wanted a strong government and strong executive branch, while the anti-Federalists wanted a weaker central government. The Federalists did not want a bill of rights, they thought the new constitution was sufficient. The anti-federalists demanded a bill of rights
“Hamiltons essays sought to disabuse Americans of their fear of political power” (Foner, p.g. 271). Hamilton believed that the “Constitution” was the perfect balance between liberty and power. He believed that the constitution was already structured to prevent abuses of authority. However like many people to this day disagreed with Hamilton and they were called the “Anti federalist” They kept on predicting that the new government would be in the order of merchants, creditors and others. Believed that they were hostile to the interest of the ordinary American. Anti Federalist pointed out that the constitution lacks unprotected rights like trial by jury and freedom of speech. Interesting topics on how people wanted their governments to be like. However Hamilton won support by promising he would enact a bill of rights. Madison made his promise and came up with the “Bill of rights” That protected its people. For example the first amendment where the anti Federalists were saying that they weren’t protected by the constitution up until the bill of rights. In the end everyone is protected but however our world is always finding ways to abuse the bill of rights by saying that no one should own a gun or something. As a American I believe in the bill of rights and that it should be as followed and nothing should change. We just need people to change not the bill of Rights or the constitution.
Ch.10, Democracy in America (1815-1840)
In what ways did democracy expand in America in the early 19th century? In what ways was it still limited? (The Triumph of Democracy)
the (related to fighting authority or causing huge, important changes) thinking of (state where all things are equal) and (system or country where leaders are chosen by votes) had (taken/took control of) the imagination of the American people, who hugged/supported the idea that political participation should be for everyone, not just property-owning rich, powerful people. During the first half of the nineteenth century, (things that block or stop other things) preventing white men from participating in politics fell across the United States. None of the new states entering the Union needed/demanded white men to own property in order to vote, and by the Civil War all but one of the original thirteen states had eliminated property needed things. People (who vote), not state governments, began to choose presidential electors. This was called Jacksonian democracy. “Democracy reinforced a sense of equality among those who belonged to the political nation” (Foner p.g. 368). The limitations of democracy supported those who agreed but not those who didn’t for example poor men and waves of immigrants were able to participate but not women or non white men. A term “principle of universal suffrage” they used the wrong term in this one because universal literally means anything and anyone, but it only supported the whites because women and still black men were not able to have a say in what their government does or does not.
Ch.14, A New Birth of Freedom: The Civil War (1861-1865)
Describe how the North’s war aims evolved between 1861 and 1863, changing from simply preserving the Union to also ending slavery. What role did blacks play in winning the Civil War? (The Coming of Emancipation)
The armies wouldn’t have won without the support of the slaves. However questions come to my mind where slaves didn’t fight the white man who owned them rather they seemed to respect them and fight for what the white man wanted. Slaves didn’t know they were gonna be able to be free after the war. I would say that the Americans got lucky slaves didn’t fight their armies because then it would be another situation in the United States. However the emancipation proclamation was only made to have the British out of the war, because they did not support slavery however the South Americans did. “ SLaves took actions that helped propel a reluctant white america down the road to emancipation” (Foner p.g. 530). The main roles that the slaves played in winning the civil war was by running away to join the union lines of war, and by being military laborers.People were starting to call the civil war the “Freedom war” However slaves weren’t free until a while after the emancipation proclamation. After the war, however it was a necessity to get the proclamation in action as Abraham Lincoln concluded after the civil war. His quotes that made an impact on me was this: “we cannot escape history... In giving freedom to the slave, we assure freedom t the free honorable alike in what we give, and what we preserve” (Foner p.g. 532). Abraham knew this act will go down in history however he doesn’t know if the later generations like ours will dishonor his decisions or honor the decision our past fathers have made into making this civilization what it is today. I would like to say that i support the decision that our past fathers made but some could have been avoided, we always need a strong foundation on everything, nothing is meant to be perfect but we can at least expect our government to try 100% on everything they do for the people. So far in my generation they’ve been doing a great job on trying to get women more involved in politics and movies. Supporting literally everyone and every religion no matter what color or race everyone has a say in something. We have grown into a government that would make our past fathers proud.
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