The 19th century is about faster economic growth along with soaring prosperity within North as well as the West however not within the South saw the United States become the world's dominant economic, industrial as well as agricultural power. Average yearly income i.e. after inflation of the non-farm workers increased by 75 percent from the year 1865 towards the year 1900 along afterward grew other 33 percent by the year 1918.
Having the decisive victory within the year 1865 more Southern secessionists within the Civil War, the US became united along with powerful nations having the stronger national government. Reconstruction brought finish about legalized slavery in addition to citizenship for past slaves however their newer political power had been rolled back in between decades along they became 2nd class citizens in the Jim Crow system of deeply pervasive segregation, which might stand for a further 80 to 90 years.
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Politically, at the time of the 3rd Party System along with the 4th Party System nation had mostly been dominated by the Republicans i.e. except for two Democratic presidents. After the year 1900 as well as the assassination of President William McKinley, the Progressive Era brought political, business along social reforms, for instance, newer roles along with government expansion about education, high status for women, the curtailment of corporate excesses along with modernization of several fields of the government as well as society.
Progressives worked with the newer middle-class companies to fight against corruption along with behind-the-scenes power about the entrenched, state political party companies as well as big-city machines. They demanded as well as won women's right to vote along with the countrywide prohibition of alcohol 1920 to 1933.
In the unprecedented wave of European immigration, 27.5m newer arrivals within 1865 along with 1918 gave the labor a base compulsorily for expansion of the industry as well as agriculture and also population base for several fast-growing urban America.
The US tried as well as failed to broker a peace settlement for World War I, and afterward entered the war after Germany launched the submarine campaign against the United States merchant ships, which had been supplying Germany's enemy nation. Publicly described objectives had been to uphold American honor, crush German militarism as well as reshape the post-war world. After the slower mobilization, the United States helped bring the decisive Allied Forces victory by supplying badly required financing, and food along with millions of fresh as well as eager soldiers.
Reconstruction was the period from the year 1863 to 1877, in the federal government temporarily took control i.e. one by one, of the Southern states of the Confederacy. Before his assassination in April 1865, President Abraham Lincoln announced the medium plans for the reconstruction for re-integrating past Confederates as fast as feasible. Lincoln set up the Freedmen's Bureau in March 1865, to aid previous slaves in finding education, health care along employment.
The last abolition of slavery had been attained through the 13th Amendment, ratified within Dec 1865. However, Lincoln had been opposed by Radical Republicans in between his party who feared that previous Confederates might never actually provide slavery along with Confederate nationalism as well as might often try to reinstate them behind the scenes. As an outcome, Radical Republicans tried to impose legitimate restrictions, which might strip several ex-rebels rights to vote as well as hold elected office.
Radicals had been opposed by Lincoln's VP along with their successor, Tennessee Democrat Andrew Johnson. But, Radicals won critical elections about the year 1866, winning sufficient seats within the Congress for overriding President Johnson's vetoes about that legislation. They even successfully impeached President Johnson i.e. in the House of Representatives along with almost removing him from the officers i.e. within the Senate within the year 1868. In the meantime, they provided the South's freedmen newer constitutional along with federal legitimate protections.
Radicals' reconstruction plans were effective within the year 1867 in supervision about United States Army, permitting the Republican coalition about Freedmen, Scala wags i.e. sympathetic local whites as well as Carpetbaggers i.e. current arrivals from North, for taking control of the Southern state governments. They have ratified the 14th Amendment, providing several newer powers to federal courts for dealing having justice at the state level. Those state governments borrowed heavily for building railroads along with public schools, enhancing taxation rates.
Backlash about increasingly fierce opposition towards these policies drove most of Scala wags out of the Republican Party along with the Democratic Party. President Ulysses S. Grant enforced the civil rights protections for African Americans, which had been challenged within South Carolina, Mississippi as well as Louisiana. 15th Amendment had been ratified within the year 1870 providing the African Americans right to vote within American elections.
United States Representative Stevens had been one of the main policymakers regarding Reconstruction along with gathering the House vote about impeachment against President Andrew Johnson. Hans Trefousse, its leading biographer, summarizes that Stevens had been one of the most influential representatives ever for serving within Congress. He dominated the House with his wit, knowledge of parliamentary law along sheer willpower, even if he had usually been unable to prevail.
Reconstruction finished at various times in every state, final within the year 1877, while Republican Rutherford B. Hayes won the contentious presidential election in the year 1876 on his opponent, i.e. Samuel J. Tilden. To deal with the disputed electoral votes, Congress has set up the Electoral Commission. This has awarded disputed votes towards Hayes. White South accepted the Compromise about the year 1877, knowing that Hayes had proposed to finish Army control of the remaining 3 state governments within the Republican hands. White Northerners accepted that the Civil War had been over along with that Southern whites posed no threat to the nation.
The finish of Reconstruction marked finish about a short period of civil rights as well as civil liberties for the African Americans within the South, in which most lived. Reconstruction caused permanent resentment, distrust along cynicism among white Southerners toward the federal government along with helping develop the Solid South that generally voted for socially conservative Democrats for all the domestic, state along national offices.
White supremacists developed the segregated society through Jim Crow Laws, which made black-class citizens have quite lesser political power/public voice. White elites named Redeemers i.e. southern wing of Bourbon Democrats had been in the firm political as well as economic control in the south till rising about the Populist movement in the year 1890. Local law enforcement had been weak within the rural areas, permitting outraged mobs to use lynching for redressing the alleged however usually unproven crimes charged towards blacks.
By the late 19th century, the US had become the leading world industrial power, developing newer technologies like telegraph as well as steel, the expanding railroad network along with abundant natural resources like coal, timber, oil, and also farmland, to usher within the 2nd Industrial Revolution.
There in addition have been two quite essential wars. The United States easily defeated Spain within the year 1898 unexpectedly bringing a smaller empire. Cuba quickly provided independence and also the Philippines i.e. within the year 1946. Puerto Rico, as well as a few small islands, became permanent United States possessions, like Alaska i.e. added through buying within the year 1867. The Independent Republic of Hawaii had been annexed through the United States being the territory within the year 1898.
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