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This study that was conducted is about the conditions the equipment and facilities in athletics, intramural programs, and physical education are in. From the study that was conducted, four trends emerged. The four trends are as follows: 1. In comparison with the 14 equipment cases, the larger number of 60 facility cases is significant, 2. The number of reported cases based on the doctrine of governmental immunity did not decrease through the years, as was anticipated, but remained relatively constant within and across the decades, 3. The number of equipment and facility cases supports the observation that America is becoming an increasingly litigious society. Moving along to the details of the study. School activity programs have an area of primary focus on equipment and facilities. This is considered a primary focus for sports managers with the duty of implementing, planning, and evaluating sports programs that are school-sponsored. There are major concerns for lawsuits that are alleging negligence on behalf of the school employees. There are also escalating rates of insurance that have forced professionals in this field to look more closely at managing all risks effectively. In this study, it's reported that most injuries occur in and around the gymnasium and adjoining playing fields rather than in any other area of the school’s environment. There are reported law cases involving injuries to participants and spectators. This brings the use, layout, and maintenance of equipment and facilities that were all alleged as the probable cause of injury. This should facilitate the conduct of athletic, physical education, and intramural programs designed to minimize the possibility of injury. This information should provide professionals with an understanding of how to conduct safer programs.
Let’s reflect on the purpose of this investigation. The purpose of this investigation was solely to examine and analyze published court decisions in the United States. Also, to help assist sports managers in developing guidelines. The schools involved would be grade school – college with these facilities. Speaking of demographics there were 72 reported cases by frequency, decade, and geographical location that provided the basis for supporting the premise that America is becoming a litigious society. In this study, there were only one to two cases involving equipment in the 1920s, 1930s, 1940s, and 1960s. The occurrence of these reported cases has increased in the recent past with 7 of the 14 cases having been reported in the past 10 years. There were 60 cases reported on the condition of facilities. That was allegedly the proximate cause of injury in school-sponsored sports programs. The small cases were litigated in the past 10 years. Over the years since the first reported facility case in the 1900s, 21 cases were reported in Louisiana and 7 in New York. There are 25 other different states in which the facility cases were reported. The number of cases ranged from 1 to 4. Every case was analyzed to determine the school-sponsored sports program where the injury occurred, the age, role, and sex of the injured party, and the activity or sport in which the injury occurred.
In 14 of the reported cases, the condition of equipment was the proximate cause of injury. The equipment was reported to be fairly consistent across all three school-sponsored sports programs.
There were 2 injured students in elementary school and 2 were in junior high school. There were seven of the 10 older students in high school. That would leave 1 in preparatory school, and 2 in college. All 14 students were participants at the time of their injury. There were no cases involving equipment during this time. 10 male students were injured and 4 injured female students. There were no females injured in the five athletic cases. Out of all activities, 10 of the 14 activities were different. There were 3 male students injured in football and 3 in gymnastics. The other 4 students were participating in ice hockey, floor hockey, baseball, and softball. The female students were injured in a trampoline, a jumping game, self-defense, and powderpuff football.
The legal principle was put into place to determine the rule or doctrine that was the basis for the decision rendered by the courts. Both legal principle and legal precedent being the case established was to assist in extracting guidelines from the cases reported involving equipment and the facilities. The cases were categorized for recovery to the injured party. They were either denied or allowed. The recovery was denied in 7 of the 14 equipment cases. There were 4 cases in and 3 in physical education. The court based the decisions on denying recovery on athletics government immunity in 2 athletic cases and 1 physical education case. Decisions for denying recovery were based on no negligence. The reported cases were adjudicated in 28 state courts of appeals and 1 federal court of appeals. The age could be identified in both equipment and facility cases. Also, both participants and spectators in the 72 cases that were analyzed. more injuries began to occur to older individuals rather than to younger individuals. More of the older individuals were high school participants at their time of injury. From this study specific information and details have been provided for sports managers to run the business smoothly. Everything is broken down from years to numbers to frequency and percentages. A good sports manager can come in after reading data and pick up easily on what needs to happen in their facility.
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