The Mongol Empire could be described through a multitude of ways such as religion, drama, social hierarchy, laws, taxes, politics, and complete legacy. It is these topics that I am going to discuss in this essay.
In the 12th century, during the time of Genghis Khan, Buddhism was the predominant religion. Genghis Khan was a Tengrist, but he was also interested in other religions and learned morals and philosophy from the religions. Kublai Khan was also interested in other religious and became friends with a Chan Buddhist monk Haiyan. Genghis tolerated most religions in Mongolia like monks, Muslims, Christian missionaries, and the Taoist monk Qi Cheju.
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Mongolia had a 4-system hierarchy, starting with the highest class was the emperor. The emperor had the power to rule the dynasty and make sure everything was in order. The second highest hierarchy is the government officials, these are the people who worked for the government and would send taxes out, and if the emperor said he wanted to change something, the officials would make sure it would happen. The second lowest class are the merchants, artisans, craftsman; all these the work required something related to construction. The lowest hierarchy were farmers and peasants; this work only paid, while the others were just peasants.
The citizens within this time could partake in any religion under the rule of Genghis Khan. Citizens underneath his reign was at freedom to worship as they pleased, as long although the laws of the Yassa had to be obeyed. Kublai Khan kept divided his laws from the Mongols and the Chinese. His preference was to employ foreigners over Chinese. Kublai supported agriculture and built up an office for the stimulation of agriculture. Another aspect is how Kublai designed and formed the tax system, meaning wealthy citizens didn’t pay through their local tax collectors, only through the government, once that was completed the government would pay the nobles.
As I said in the beginning, the Mongols are remembered today is because of their trade. Trade was one of their positive legacies that they left behind along with the Silk Road. The Silk Road had both positive and negative impacts on Mongolia and the countries along it. One of the positives is that the Mongols had put valuables like clothes and weapons put on the Silk Road. On the Silk Road there were not only valuable things and weapons, but also ideas. Most of the ideas and valuables were from the Mongols like philosophy, science, military strategies, and that would change the world and the way people would fight forever.
Now about the negatives. First, there was a disease that spread through the Silk Road through rats known as the Black Death. It was one of the deadliest plagues ever in history, killing millions. The disease killed half of China and Mongolia, and in some countries it killed 90% of land and people.
To summarize, the Mongolian society was exemplary as their reign changed the course of history. As the last most powerful words of Genghis Khan were: “I've conquered for you a large empire. But my life was too short to take the whole world that I leave to you”. He died placing his faith in the citizens of Mongolia, but yet the conquest was not fulfilled. As what we see of Mongolia today is miniature compared to the peak of their empire as it braced the world for fierce empires and warfare as the Mongols stunned the world.
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