Perceptions of Students on the Implementation of the K-12 Basic Education Program
I. Introduction
Education is the most important thing that everyone should have. Education can make your life successful since education can increase the possibility of a person getting a decent job that the person can spend his or her living and necessities. Educational system helps a country to have an organized education plans for the present and the future. Also, it can help implement programs regarding education-plan to help everyone to study especially those who can't provide education. Having been the main nation in South-east Asia giving only 10 years of fundamental instruction to its populace, the Philippines is attempting to join it’s neighbour countries to execute a K-12 framework in 2016. In spite of the fact that the organization of the past President Benigno Aquino III is giving the Department of Education (DepEd) with all the more financing to help the acknowledgment of this undertaking, the test of doing such as over in a short change period is undeniable (Oxford Business group).Philippine government implement k-12 curriculum because it was said that Philippines is already late in their educational system and because of that, the government added 2 years of studying for the student to catch up globally.
Most of the countries in the world provide atleast 1 year of kindergarten education and a total of 12 years of basic education. The 2 years addition on the former 10 years of basic education program was prepared for the world of work besides the conventional belief of preparing them for collegiate education coup (2017)
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At present, the Philippines is the only country in Asia and among the three remaining countries that uses among basic education in the world. And so Last October 2010, President Noynoy Aquino proposed the Kindergarten plus 12 on the K - 12 Program to catch up with the rest of world having a 12–year basic education cycle. However, with all the issues on education the country is still has. It is a must to hear the students opinions regarding the K - 12 Program as who are involved on nourishing and caring for the future improvements.
The goal of implementing the K-12 basic educational program is to create a functional basic system that will produce productive and responsible citizens. Equipped with the essential learning and employment this in line with the agenda of the president acquire of having quality education as a king term solution to poverty
As being part of the K-12 basic education program and being a student of PNU-ITL, we notice that they implemented the K-12 curriculum by using k-12 books instead of using other or different books and also changed the grading system which they based on the K-12 Curriculum.
II. Review of Related Literature
The K to 12 Program spreads Kindergarten and 12 years of essential instruction (six years of essential training, four years of Junior High School, and two years of Senior High School [SHS]) to give adequate time to dominance of ideas and aptitudes, create deep rooted students, and plan graduates for tertiary training, center dimension abilities advancement, business, and enterprise.
As indicated by the assessment of the Department of Education there is a lacking dominance of fundamental skills because of the blocked educational programs. Their discoveries demonstrate that for each 100 first year recruits just two can have a total dominance of what they have realized in their secondary school (Department of Education, 2010). Likewise cases like secondary school graduates who search for employments in order to support their way to seek after tertiary instruction are viewed as ill-equipped in light of their skills and development level. They are seen as too youthful to even think about working due to their age which is 17 or 18; additionally they are not sincerely develop to deal with business and enterprise. Different nations additionally seen that the multi year cycle is now deficient because of the way that they could viably actualize the K+12 instruction framework (Department of Education, 2010).
There are many positive changes that happens in the new Educational system like the K-12 Program offers a decongested 12-year program that gives students sufficient time to master skills and absorb basic competencies.while in the old educational system the students lack mastery of basic competencies due to a congested ten-year basic education curriculum.Here in the K-12 Program the students that already graduated K-12 can legally have a job even they are under 18 years old while in the old system students under 18 years old are not legally have a job and in the K-12 Program the students has a time to master their skills before having a job unlike the 10 years education system/
The Department of Education (2010), likewise seen a few issues in the present educational programs since it was seen that there was crowding of subjects in this manner prompting no dominance among understudies and that there is no specialization in light of the fact that most subjects center around scholastics territory however does not create manual aptitudes. Along these lines, a few changes were detailed and began but since brings about enhancing the nature of training isn't actually observed, the Department of Education approached in tending to the enhancement of the nature of instruction through their proposition of actualizing the K+12 training framework which is received in many nations around the world.
Seeing the majority of this, one could expect that K-12 has advantages that could help in the enhancement of the nature of training basing from the instances of the distinctive created nations like the United States, Australia, Britain and Canada. In the Philippines however, it couldn't be sufficiently powerful for there are diverse gauges and prerequisites that the legislature and the Department of Education should take a shot at before its execution. Additionally mindfulness among guardians, understudies and educators about K+12 instruction ought to be advanced for its usage given that the majority of these individuals consider it to be a weight instead of an assistance to enhancement for our instructive framework. The facts demonstrate that specialization and enhancement of aptitudes which the K+12 instruction framework is very suggested for is great in preparing understudies and it could be viable in our nation yet at present and in the following 5-10 years, this would not work particularly in the event that we are as yet looked with issues, for example, absence of classrooms, offices, comfort rooms and educators who are not all around prepared to acclimate to the K+12 educational programs. Additionally the capacity of the legislature to discharge subsidizes that would bear every one of the costs in receiving this instruction framework is another squeezing concern. Consequently, K+12 training framework won't work except if the majority of the other squeezing matters would be tended to.
The Advantages of K-12 Program:
Readiness for tertiary learning – With adjustment of K-12 plot, understudies are required to graduate at age somewhat more seasoned than past alumni'. This is favorable position, as per DepEd, as alumni will be viewed as youthful grown-ups. Thus, they will be increasingly outfitted to manage a lot more elevated amount of learning as they enter school instruction.
Status to join the workforce – Unlike the old framework, K-12 does not constrain every understudy to take school subsequent to finishing Senior High School (SHS). Truth be told, this plan engages understudies to settle on a decision all alone. They may not seek after school training particularly in the event that they have picked a track other than scholastic track. The beneficial thing is SHS graduates will be outfitted with aptitudes (through electives) that will make them great at certain field(s).
Ability competency in the worldwide activity showcase – K-12 framework plans to enhance Filipino understudies' numerical, logical, and phonetic fitness. With the new educational programs, DepEd guaranteed to offer higher quality instruction through tracks. Each track will give understudies enough time to ace a field and upgrade their abilities. At last, K-12 graduates will turn out to be universally focused and are set to acquire spot in the hardened work showcase.
The K - 12 Basic Education Program is the flagship program of the Department of Education in its desires to offer a curriculum which is attuned to the 21st century. This is in the pursuance of the reform thrusts of the Basic Education Sector Reform Agenda, a package of policy reforms that seeks to systematically improve critical regulatory, institutional, structural, financial, physical, cultural and information conditions affecting basic education provision access and delivery on the ground.
According to Esther and Ethel (2012), the K-12 education system is the public education system that most people are familiar with today. Consist of 13 grades, kindergarten through 12th grade, it refers to the public school system in all of the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and parts of Europe as well. It is difficult to pinpoint the exact history of education, as it has been occurring in some form for centuries on some parts of the world. The K12 Program has been initiated by the Aquino administration where students will have to undergo a new system of education.
The enhanced K-12 Basic Education Program is a program of the DepEd which will give more opportunities for graduating students and improve the standard of education. They will also provide more opportunities for graduating students, on year 2012 Philippine education officially implemented K-12 curriculum.
The goal of implementing the K - 12 Basic Education Program is to create a functional basic system that will produce productive and responsible citizens equipped with the essential learning and employment. This is in accordance with the plan of the past President Aquino of having quality training as a long haul answer for poverty. The K - 12 Education vision from the Department of Education (DepEd, 2010) that every graduate of the Enhanced K - 12 Basic Education Program is an empowered individual who has learned through a program that is rooted on sound principles and geared towards excellence.
“Truly, the implementation of K - 12 program of the Department of Education is remarkably a great help to each and every student who will gain access to it. Unfortunately, some Filipinos have an opposing reason on which has a noble purpose. Their perspective on this is unparallel on what the DepEd was expecting, for them this is just another burden that will add up in their financial problems and the advantage of implementing this program is for those people who want to pursue their career or study abroad because the curriculum seems relatively parallel to another country. This is some of the problems that this study is going to focus on and to hear the concerns and sentiments of the parents regarding the implementation of the K-12 program” (Jennilyn, 2013).
“One objective of the Department of Education is to prepare students for them to be globally competitive. To achieve this, educational reforms of the government must also focus into the mastery of English as the second language. Such attempt will greatly help to harness the productive capacity of the country’s human resource base towards international competitiveness. Competitiveness may be gauged from sociolinguistic competence of a person. Sociolinguistic competence is the ability to use language appropriate to a given communicative context taking into account the roles of the participants, the setting and the purpose of interaction. It is the ability to use and respond to language appropriately, given the setting, the topic, and relations among the people communicating, particularly the lingua franca of the educational society and community, in its various contexts and dimensions relatively guarantees the teachers competitive advantage in the complex society like the Philippines” (Alatis, 2009).
The Department of Education has in the past years been working towards the implementation of the K-12 program that is designed to “provide sufficient time for mastery of concepts and skills, develop lifelong learners, and prepare graduates for tertiary education, middle-level skills development, employment, and entrepreneurship.” The extension of the basic education to 12 years seeks to boost the quality of Philippine education to make it at par with that of other countries. The K-12 program is described to have six salient features: 1) strengthening early childhood education through universal Kindergarten, 2) making the curriculum relevant to learners, 3) ensuring integrated and seamless learning, 4) building proficiency through use of mother tongue based multi-lingual education, 5) provision of career tracks and 6) nurturing holistically developed Filipino.
Although DepEd has some good intentions to go on with their K-12 basic Education Program, there are barriers that they need to go through before they settle on they’re plans.
Significantly our education here in our country still needs some serious attention by our government, despite having limited classrooms and facilities in some schools especially on public schools, based on the estimates of the Department of Education (DepEd), the country still lacks 47,000 classrooms. In Metro Manila, there is still a shortage of over 18,000 classrooms, according to Education Undersecretary Alain Pascua. Despite having a shortage on classrooms DepEd also vowed to address the lack of teachers across the country. The Education Department is in need of 81,000 teachers for kindergarten to senior high school. This situation is happening for the low salary and being underpaid of the teachers here in the country. Also having a poor education quality. According On Global Competitiveness Index 2017-2018 released by the World Economic Forum, the Philippines ranked 66th out of 137 countries for quality of primary education, 74th for quality of higher education, and 76th for quality of math and science education.
Even though we are facing this dilemma we also need to catch up to other countries and to be qualify to the global standards.
Basically, the awareness of a student is measured on how confident and assured he/she of the knowledge or information he/she has gathered. On the other hand, a student who’s ready to do something knows very well of his/her desire in which he/she has a understand enough to be able to act or to perform the knowledge he/she acquired.
Perception is defined as a way of translating information gathered by the senses to generalize and make coherent meaning about the world (www.busnessdictionary.com, 2014). Though perception is oftentimes associated with making meaning out of material things or occurrences, it is more of an internal operation. Thus, perception becomes an abstraction (Angell, 1906). Even if perception is based on incomplete and unreliable information, it is equated with reality and it influences a person’s behavior in general. Also, perception enables a person to make use of the information gathered by the senses like interpreting the sounds being heard or making sense of the letters which make up a word (www.educationportal.com, 2014)
Although there's so much work that is already been done to find out why do students perception different from others, there are things specifically factors that haven't been clarified yet, its factors are important to be addressed. It is also necessary to know about the opinions and their perspective about this K-12 Basic Education Program for some clarifications about the curriculum.
This study aims to know the perceptions of the students about the implementation of the K-12 Basic Education Program. This helps to determine their understanding about the curriculum which can be essential for future advancements and modifications. This is also essential in providing statistics on the effectiveness of the implementation of the K-12 Program. This can help to improve the Program on some complaints or clarifications of the students.
The purpose of this research is to make the educational system of the Philippines to be better and more advance. One of the purpose is to catch up to other countries qualifications to be globally competitive. The other purpose is to improve the students of the Philippines giving them more opportunity to have work and significantly the students will have more knowledge and enhanced ability.
III. References
- Romero, P. (2018, March 15). Senate to review education system | Philstar.com. Retrieved November 30, 2018, from https://www.philstar.com/other-sections/education-and-home/2018/03/15/1796807/senate-review-education-system?fbclid=IwAR3Q-jCZEdLHBonG-nTw4TS2R_O1wAWZQxSNVQRAWVQu87550uD7qmviOWs
- The K to 12 Basic Education Program | GOVPH. (n.d.). Retrieved November 30, 2018, from https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/k-12/
- K 12 Curriculum in the Philippines: 2018 Review and Status Update. (2018, April 17). Retrieved November 30, 2018, from https://www.ciit.edu.ph/k-12-curriculum-in-the-philippines/
- Research Methodology: Tools and Technique. Bridge C e n t e r. Romania: European Union. Retrieved November 26, 2017 from http://euacademic. org/BookUpload/9.pdf.
- Republic Act No. 10533. (2015) (1st ed., pp. 1-6). Manila. Hsiu-Fang Hsieh, Sarah E. Shannon, 2005. Three Approaches to Qualitative Content Analysis Qualitative. Health Research-Journals. sagepub.com. Retrieved 22 May 2 0 1 7 , from http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/ pdf/
- Salana, J. P..(2006). The Paralogical Metaphor of Learner-centered Approaches of Teaching. Sulo: Journal of Student-Faculty Research, 8(1). Retrieved from http://ejournals.ph/ form/cite.php?id=1312. Retrieved 8 May 2017, from http://www.citethisforme.com/.
- Tyler, Ralph W. (1976). Two New Emphases in Curriculum Development. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press retrieved from http://www.ascd.org/ ASCD/pdf/journals/ed_lead/el_197610_ tyler.pdf. Unesdoc.unesco.org. (2017).
- Sustainable Development Goal and its targets. [online] Available at: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0024/002456/245656E.pdf [Accessed 14 Nov. 2017].
- We’ll continue to iron out the problems of OBE as we go along. (2008, November 17). Star [South Africa], p. 9. Retrieved from http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=GPS&sw=w&u=phnl&v=2.1&it=r&id=- GALE%7CA189054030&asid=7d8953c4b570433cfbd0567e90325923.
- Worldbank (2017). Education Overview. Retrieved from: http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/ education/overview.
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