Since the catastrophic global financial crisis, which was directly caused by the burst of the housing bubble and mortgage default, in 2008, the Federal Reserve alone has injected roughly 7.6 trillion dollars into the global economy by the end of 2019 in order to facilitate the recovering of the economy and mitigate recessions. An alternative asset which is called digital...
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The preface of the SBP Act, 1956 envisages these goals as 'while it is important to accommodate the constitution of a State Bank to manage the monetary and credit arrangement of Pakistan and to encourage its development in the best public premium with the end goal of getting monetary strength and more full usage of the country's useful assets.' SBP...
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Fiscal policy has had to adapt to the unique implications of the coronavirus. Spending is currently at an all time high of 16.3% of GDP to support crippled industries and a population without income. Policymakers are approaching a crucial moment where they need to avoid austerity while managing national debt; development of contemporary ideas will be key. Monetary policy has...
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The global economic crash of financial markets in 2008 resulted in widespread international turmoil. Central Banks were forced into making decisions in relation to their policies and regulations; one being monetary policies. Monetary policies play a huge role in how financial markets fluctuate. The Taylor Rule is a model used to estimate what the interest rates of a countries economy...
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The goal of financial strategy is to accomplish the ideal extension of economy by encouraging the accessibility of cash supply required for the development. The job of defining financial strategy in India is performed by Reserve Bank of India. It is gone for guaranteeing the accessibility required cash supply for all the genuine financial exercises while it ought not to...
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Energy stocks gained over the tentative deal on border security funding where the markets are trying to acquire more information about the new trade developments and how US-China can find a deal before March-end deadline. Brent was 2 percent up over OPEC production cuts where Saudi Arabia said it would produce by over half a million barrels in a day....
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There were many debates and publications over the lack of efficient quantitative macroeconomic modeling in a period from 1970 to 1990. Famous economists Jordi Gali and Mark Gehtler in their papers try to analyze the reasons relating to the failure of current macroeconomic models of monetary policy and progress the framework for new models. The main indicator of unsuccessful modeling...
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In Malaysia, such a study has examined its implications through the impact of different types of economic sectors. Domac (1999), Tang (2003) and Ibrahim (2005) among others found that financial variables affect various sectors of the economy including agriculture, mining and quarrying, manufacturing, construction and even services. Kassim and Abdul Manap's (2008) study focused on the impact of monetary policy...
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The economic decisions of households can have a significant impact on an economy. For example, a decision on the part of households to consume more and to save less can lead to an increase in employment, investment, and ultimately profits. Equally, the investment decisions made by corporations can have an important impact on the real economy and on corporate profits....
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‘Monetary policy by committee: consensus, chairman dominance, or simple majority?’ Riboni and Ruge-Murcia (2010) develop a model and study the empirical implications of monetary policy-making by a committee under four different protocols, consensus model, agenda-setting model, dictator model, and simple-majority model. All models are estimated by maximum likelihood and the results show that the consensus model is a better fit...
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Ecosystem services are ecological characteristics, functions, or processes that indirectly or directly contribute to human wellbeing and benefits such as food and materials that people derive from ecosystems (Constanza,1997). They are characterised by their amenities, goods, physicalities, or services (Everard, 2017). Created by living organisms interacting within their environment, ecosystems provide both conditions and processes that sustain life. Thus, they...
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How businesses are established abroad- When developing your business in a foreign market or region, you might consider establishing a more substantial operation. This can be for a variety of reasons such as lower costs, increasing market penetration, improving customer service and complying with government regulations. Most firms only set up an overseas operation after testing the market. This can...
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