Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) is AN approach for reworking and reorienting agricultural systems to support food security beneath the new realities of global climate change. As reiterated by Taylor (2018), it comprises a unified governance framework designed to defuse agricultural methods and technologies that increase the productivity of a given crop while simultaneously building resilience to global climate change and reducing gas emissions.
The revolution, or Third Agricultural Revolution, is a set of research technology transfer initiatives occurring between 1950 and the late 1960s, that increased agricultural production worldwide, particularly in the developing world, starting most markedly within the late Sixties. The initiatives resulted at intervals the adoption of recent technologies, still as high-yielding varieties (HYVs) of cereals, particularly dwarf wheat and rice, in association with chemical fertilizers and agro-chemicals, and with controlled water supply and new methods of cultivation. All of those along were seen as a 'package of practices' to succeed 'traditional' technology and to be adopted as an entire.
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This document seeks to draw on Nigen et al. (2009) and Taylor (2018) as well as class activities and discussions to discuss whether Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) could serve as a technological model to reduce global food insecurity by addressing the shortcomings of the Green Revolution. I will also throw light on some likely opportunities and challenges of CSA given the experience of the Green Revolution.
According to Taylor (2018), Climate-smart agriculture was projected by the international institutions from the world bank to respond to the projected Malthusian crisis.
Green Revolution is criticized to have resulted in environmental degradation and increased income inequality, inequitable asset distribution, and worsened absolute poverty. Also, owners of large farms were the main adopters of the new technologies because of their better access to irrigation water, fertilizers, seeds, and credit. Small farmers were either unaffected or injured as a result of the revolution resulted in lower product costs, higher input costs, and efforts by landlords to increase rents or force tenants off the land. Again, the Green Revolution encouraged unnecessary mechanization, thereby pushing down rural wages and employment. Another defect of the revolution was that it unfold alone in irrigated and high-potential rainfed areas, and lots of villages or regions while not access to spare water were overlooked.
These challenges can be improved by: a scale-neutral technology package that can be profitably adopted on farms of all sizes; an equitable distribution of land with secure ownership or tenancy rights; efficient input, credit, and product markets so that farms of all sizes have access to modern farm inputs and information and are able to receive similar prices for their products; and policies that do not discriminate against small farms and landless laborers.
The revolution was a serious accomplishment for several developing countries ANd gave them an unprecedented level of national food security. It delineates the eminent adaptation and transfer of constant scientific revolution in agriculture that the commercial countries had already condemned for themselves. The revolution additionally raised massive numbers of poor folks out of economic condition and helped several nonpoor folks avoid the economic condition and hunger they'd have knowledgeable had the Green Revolution not occurred. The largest advantages to the poor were largely indirect, in the form of lower food prices, increased migration opportunities, and greater employment in the rural nonfarm economy.
Making progress, with sustainable funding of food-based nutrition programs, specific nutrition interventions could be rolled out with agricultural-focused Green Revolution projects. Such initiatives include promotion of homestead gardens to increase dietary diversity of non-cereal food sources, which are micronutrient-rich, in conjunction with small animal rearing. These have a fair bigger impact on the menage consumption of animal and better quality plant merchandise thanks to the direct availableness of these merchandise within the menage and their potential to provide additional income.
In order to mitigate the worst impacts of climate change, ensuring that drought-resistant crops are integrated into Green Revolution initiatives is essential. Building in weather-related crop and livestock insurance can protect farmers from the increasing likelihood of adverse weather effects. Focusing on agroforestry and tree crops can also help to mitigate the effects of climate change through carbon sequestration. Current communication and information systems, including mobile phones and the internet, offer great opportunities for improving farmers’ access to updated information on climate conditions. Women play a major role in the management of natural resources in rural communities and should be included in these environmental responses.
Climate Smart Agriculture is noted to be challenged by the need for mechanized monitoring, pruning, thinning, and even picking produce. As various to declining variety of human manpower, novel approach is to utilize available information technologies through the use of more intelligent machines to reduce and target energy. Such approach is capable to enhance potency for climate sensible agriculture. The advent of autonomous system architectures offers United States of America the chance to develop a totally new vary of agricultural instrumentation-supported little sensible machines which will do the correct thing, within the right place, at the right time in the right way. Robotic agriculture is offered by smart machines. Smarter machines that ar intelligent to figure in AN unmodified or semi-natural atmosphere ar needed.
Also, GPS technology, already available in smartphones may be utilized to determine when users should water their crops by estimating how much water the plants are using each day and factoring in space precipitation totals, via connection with the closest weather station. The use of remote sensing and GIS facilitate contribute in generating policy, providing information, and ensuring participation by all stakeholders.
Lastly, Drones for Climate-Smart Agriculture. Relatively low-cost agricultural drones with advanced sensors and imaging capabilities ar giving farmers new ways to extend yields and cut back crop injury.
Overall, Climate Smart Agriculture, if implemented well, could help end if not reduce global hunger and food insecurity.
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