Suicide is the leading cause of deaths among all the deaths due to injuries. The World Health Organization has acknowledged that suicide behavior is a major global public health problem in every country, with approximately one million people dying from suicide each year [1]. The suicide rate of the college students in only one university in the south was 197, the rate of suicide among the college students was (1.28-2.10)/ 100,000, and the maximum value was reached in 2018 [2]. Suicide is now the leading cause of death among Chinese young adults aged 15-34 ages, accounting for 19% of all deaths in this age group annually [3]. In the United States, Suicide accounted for 2,381 deaths in 2006 among 18–22 year olds and is the second-leading cause of death among college-aged young adults in the United States, with approximately 1,100 suicides occurring each year among college students [4]. The Office of National Statistics figures show 95 recorded university student suicides for just 12 months to July 2017 in England and Wales There were more than 2 million students studying at a university in England or Wales in the 12 months up to July 2017, meaning the suicide rate was 4.7 deaths per 100,000 students [5].
Freud, a school of psychoanalysis, believes that “there is a tendency of self-destruction in each of us from the beginning, which will lead to the occurrence of actual self-killing under the special circumstances in which many environmental factors converge.” Is that really the case? College students are a special group. On the one hand, they have the psychological characteristics of the general individual in adolescence and the psychological problems they face. They waver in their hearts, their emotional tension is as high as that of their emotions, and they can easily cause strong emotional reflection to fall into the grief of being defeated for a while, and at the same time, they bow to their feet because of hope. Emotional instability is a feature of youth psychology [6]. On the other hand, college students are also a more complex internal world than ordinary people in the youth. Their self-awareness is strong, they are full of ideals and aspirations, and their expectations are higher. What they care about is how to combine their current situation with their individual roles. In order to realize their own value, they quietly bear the pressure of family, study, employment, social environment and so on. A variety of complex issues and conflicts need to be addressed. Their psychological adaptability is facing great challenges due to their physical and psychological maturity. These psychological characteristics make them more likely to produce all kinds of psychological contrasts and lead to various psychological setbacks in real life, so they are prone to world-weary psychology, such as depression, inferiority, loneliness, pessimism, recklessness, impatience, paranoid, narrow, anxiety and so on. Depression and depression is a common emotional problem among college students.
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Liu's team found that 3 out of 4 students had experienced at least one learning stress event in the previous year. And more than 20 percent experienced six or more learning stress events in the past year. Among these students, 1 in 4 said they had been diagnosed with or treated for a mental health problem. Furthermore, 20 percent of all students surveyed thought about suicide, 9 percent had attempted suicide, and nearly 20 percent injured themselves[7]. After some students encounter stress in study, frustration in life, family changes and other stimuli, they are psychologically unable to bear the emotional reactions arising from the resulting stress, such as loss of interest in learning and motivation to work, slow response, listlessness, refusal to communicate, avoidance of friends, loss of appetite, insomnia and other adverse reactions, such as loss of interest in learning and motivation to work, slow response, listlessness, refusal of communication, avoidance of friends, loss of appetite, insomnia and other adverse reactions. Most students have had this negative emotion, but the experience time is relatively short, with the change of times disappear [8]. Pessimism is manifested in the lack of a correct world outlook and outlook on life, often with childish, negative psychological observation of social treatment of life. When the contradiction between ideal and reality occurs, he will lose his heart and deny himself, feel that his future is bleak, and finally lose confidence in life and go to the end of the road of loathing the world and despising the master. The contradiction between ideal and reality is one of the main psychological contradictions in youth [8]. College students are full of hope for their future life and try to shape a perfect self, but there is always a gap between ideal and reality. If they can't see or deal with this gap correctly, if they encounter setbacks and failures in work, study and life, they will abandon themselves and plunge themselves into a pessimistic negative state. This pessimistic attitude to life often brings a sense of despair about life, the future, and society. If not properly educated and guided, it will lead to suicide.
Traditional Chinese values reject divorce and view it as a shameful event. Therefore, parents prefer to try to live together with difficulty rather than to divorce. This preference can give rise to poor parental relationships. Over the last three decades, China has experienced steadily increasing divorce rates, from 0.4 per 1,000 persons in 1985 to 1.85 per 1000 in 2009 [9]. A good family atmosphere will provide a good living environment for children to grow up. Parents get along well, not only make the family warm, but also leave a good childhood for children to face life with a positive and optimistic attitude. However, discord between parents, quarrel but also anger on the child, abuse of children, these will make the child's young mind cast a shadow, making it form unhealthy or even abnormal psychological state. Divorce of parents and premature death of parents can also lead to unhealthy development of their children. Children who grow up in the shadow will feel inferior in their hearts.
Parents' employment structure, such as work instability, may also be considered an important variable when assessing suicidal ideation in university students. Currently, China's society is in a transition period. To adapt to the change of the market economy, Chinese enterprises have downsized a large portion of existing employees and have adjusted the contract system to include new employees. This approach has resulted in a loss of work for some Chinese people. This approach has resulted in a loss of work for some Chinese people. Many foreign studies of university students have indicated that low family income leads to thoughts of suicide [10]. Economic situation is an important pillar of a family. At present, the gap between rich and poor in China is widening. Some college students from rural and urban poor families bear more life pressure and psychological pressure than those from relatively rich families. In addition, with the increase of tuition fees, rising prices lead to a sharp increase in the cost of living, economic constraints for some college students will bring psychological imbalance, they can not correctly deal with difficulties, lack of struggling mental state, serious inferiority complex psychology is often the key to the formation of suicidal motivation of college students.
Work cited
- Fitzpatrick JJ: Preventing suicide: developing meaning in life. Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 2009，23（4）：275-276。 10.1016 / j.apnu.2009.06.002
- The Present Situation of the Suicide of the University Students in the South in 2013-2018 Lu Zhuolin, Liang Ruiqiong, Qiu Hongzhong, Xie Xiaolin, Gao Yingyi Department of Applied Psychology of the School of Economics and Management of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Phillips MR, Li X, Zhang Y: Suicide rates in china, 1995-99. Lancet 2002,359(9359):835-840.
- Wilcox, Holly C.; Arria, Amelia M.; Caldeira, Kimberly M.; Vincent, Kathryn B.; Pinchevsky, Gillian M.; O'Grady, Kevin E. (2010). 'Prevalence and predictors of persistent suicide ideation, plans, and attempts during college' . Journal of Affective Disorders . 127 (1–3): 287–294. doi : 10.1016/j.jad.2010.04.017 . PMC 2924459 . PMID 20471691
- University student suicide rates revealed from BBC NEWS, 25 June 2018.
- Mental health of college students by Yang Zhijia January 1, 2006
- Yida, Young Psychology, M. Beijing Knowledge Press,1981.
- Ministry of Civil Affairs of China. Beijing, China: [(visit on June 10, 2010). Statistical report on the Development of Civil Affairs 2009. : http: / / www.mca.gov.cn/article/zwgk/mzyw/201006/20100600080798.shtml
- Andrews B., Wilding JM depression and anxiety are related to students' life stress and achievement. Br. J. Psychol. 2004; 95: 509 x 521. Doi:10.1348 / 0007126042369802.
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