The topic that the author presented was adolescence. The client’s name was H. She was 17 years old and was currently in the adolescent stage. The term adolescence meant ‘growing mature by developing’ and referred to the transition period from childhood to adulthood. The contents that the author would discuss about the client’s physical, cognitive, psychological, and moral developmental stages. Moreover, the author would discuss the factors that affected her physical, psycho-social, and emotional well-being. Additionally, how community resources could bring benefits to her whole family to maintain and promote health would be identified by the author. Lastly, the author would discuss her environmental health education.
The client was the youngest in the family. She had two brothers and two sisters. They were all schooling currently except for the second sister who was an enrolled nurse. Moreover, she was introverted and required prompting during the interview. She was timid, folded her arms, and frequently looked around throughout the interview.
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Physical development involved developing control over the body, particularly muscles and physical coordination. The client had good development in a physical aspect. Her weight was 47.2kg and her height was 155cm. Therefore, her BMI was 19.6 which was within the healthy range. She enjoyed playing netball. She can accept bodily changes. She also understood the importance of physical appearance. Physical appearance was the way one looks. A large amount of literature examined the role of peer effects in shaping student academic outcomes. During the interview, she told that physical appearance was very important as it could give people a good impression of hers. From that, the author observed that she cared about her physical appearance.
From Piaget’s cognitive theory, the client was at the formal operational stage. Kids and teens in this age group did more complex thinking. This type of thinking was also known as formal logical operations. During the interview, the author questioned if someone offered her money to do some illegal things for them, would she do it and why. She answered that she would not do it for them because she did not want to be involved, in case there was any trouble. From that, the author noted that she knew it was wrong to do illegal things and did not want to get into trouble with her parents.
According to Erikson’s psychosocial theory, the client is currently at the stages of identity vs role confusion. It occurred during adolescence, from about 12-18 years. During this stage, adolescents searched for a sense of self and personal identity, through an intense exploration of personal values, beliefs, and goals. During adolescence, the transition from childhood to adulthood was the most important. She wondered who she was at times. She was good at sports but poor at communication. She said that she wanted to be like the eldest sister and she knew what she wants.
From Kohlberg’s moral development theory, the client was at the post-conventional stage. Individual judgment is based on chosen principles and moral reasoning based on their rights and justice. They would become aware of the rules or laws and work against their beliefs at times. They would set their own moral guidelines even if they may or may not follow the law. During the interview, the author questioned whether would the client steal such food in order to survive. She answered that she did not know. Maybe yes, because if not, how to survive? So the author observed the client’s situation, she knew what was right and wrong and she even had her own beliefs too.
The client was a picky eater as she mentioned she did not like to eat mushrooms. Moreover, she usually skipped breakfast and did not eat on time. This would lead to problems such as the fast track of weight gain, low memory, and difficulties concentrating. Especially for a teenager like a client who was active in CCAs, she needed to require enough nutrition to participate in her activities and also in growth. Furthermore, breakfast was the most important meal of the day. To maintain a nutritional balance, she should avoid eating fast food. Besides, she should join some volunteering activities such as Action for AIDS and Animal Lovers League. Volunteering also could help her to make friends and give her an opportunity to practice and develop social and relationship skills. The reason why the community resources were relevant to the client was it was a fun and easy way to explore her interests and passions and also could increase her self-confidence.
From the interview, the author noted that the client felt insecure about her weight. She also had friends of the opposite gender. Hence, sex education had been taught in her school. She should think positively about herself so she could develop more self-acceptance and self-appreciation towards herself. Throughout the interview, the author also observed that the client would listen to music on the earpiece while crossing the road and she did not always use traffic lights. As a pedestrian, she should enforce traffic rules and regulations. Accidents could not be predicted so the client was advised to obey traffic. Besides, the client had tried smoking once and she was caffeine dependent. She would take medication given by her mother if she felt unwell. In the author’s opinion, she should politely reject friends who pressured her to smoke as smoking was addictive and only brought harm to her. Tobacco used habits were largely established during adolescence indeed, nine out of 10 smokers first tried cigarettes before age 18. Thus, adolescents’ smoking behavior was strongly predicted by the genetic propensity of their peers to smoke. Smoking was the second-highest contributor to the burden of diseases afflicting Singaporeans, killing an estimated 2,073 people in 2016. Furthermore, the client should reduce caffeine intake and replace it with a healthier alternative such as hot apple cider, tea, sparkling water, and fruit as they aid boost energy levels. Lastly, it was better to take medications prescribed by doctors if she felt unwell.
This was the author’s first time doing a family interview, it was a good experience for the author. Although the author was from Malaysia, this was the author’s first time visiting a Malay home. From this interview, the author learned a lot from the client and her family. As an adolescent, the author had increased knowledge about the three theories on adolescence. Through this interview, the author learned a lot of interaction skills and also their cultures. The author enjoyed this experience of interviewing an adolescent.
In conclusion, under development assessment for the client who was an adolescent, the author discussed four domains. Under the physical domain, the client understood what was happening to her body and she understood that staying fit was important. Under the cognitive domain, the author discussed Piaget’s theory, the formal operational stage about how the client was able to do abstract thinking and her own reasoning. Besides, under the psychological domain, the author discussed Erikson’s theory, the stage of identity vs role confusion. For the client, she was trying to figure out who she was, she knew what she wanted and she was working towards it. Moreover, under the moral domain, the author discussed Kohlberg’s theory, the post-conventional stage. In the client’s situation, she knew to differentiate right and wrong.
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