Abstract
With increasing urban migration there is a need of improving facilities available in the public restrooms to ensure a safe contamination-free environment. This project attempts to design and develop an Automatic Sanitization system for public restrooms using an integrated circuit with a pre-defined control algorithm (555NE). This system comprises a hand washing and hand drying system built in a solitary unit. For standard application, the system is designed to ensure it is user-friendly and interactive with ease of installation in regular water supply and electrical power supply.
This project utilizes an IR proximity sensor to detect the presence of hands that would automatically trigger the required unit on and off thus avoiding doses due to dirty hands because sensory technology enables touchless control, unlike the traditional technology that required human touch for its operation.
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Introduction
As the world’s population is increasing, more of public washrooms have been used. This makes it necessary to ensure that adequate and sustainable sanitary systems can still be made available for this and future generations. This project exactly is about the automatic sanitization system. It means that –“as if in conventional sanitization systems, the user presses a top of water orifice, which opens a water valve allowing water to flow into the wash basin, or sometimes the user turns the tap to allow and/or disallow were to flow”, but in public toilets (washrooms) we found that; lot number of peoples uses toilets facilities for their use, but only one percent out of them clean up effectively to maintain his/her hygiene after visiting the toilets. The mindset of people is that, if we touch the water taps/ faucets and soap faucet/tap our hands will get infected or will become dirty or most of the people ignore using soap during the hand washing process or ignore the whole process of cleaning. Due to this mindset, a lot of dirty waste is kept /carried on, and slowly from this dirty various virus and bacteria get released in the nearby area which generates various types of diseases
As a solution of this problem, an automated sanitization system is idealized. In this system when a user places hands in closer proximity to the hand washing system and hand drying system an infrared sensor gets activated and when a person moves away, the sensor sends some signals to shut the system down automatically
The sanitization system is made up in a solitary unit with two separate segments each operating automatically to ensure safe and clean operating conditions on the public washrooms. It generally includes the following segments
I. Hand washing segment
This section is made up of an automatic water faucet which is integrated with the soap faucet to ensure that soap becomes a must-use component during the action of hand washing. Washing hands with soap is compulsory. Although it is not necessarily an antibacterial soap, regular soap is required since the surfactants in soap could lift soil and microbes from the skin. Using antibacterial soap might even lead to the development of bacteria that are resistant to the product’s antimicrobial agents. Due to the low percentage of users that use soap in their hand-washing routine, hence the automatic faucet must be designed to force the users to use soap with no exception
II. Air drying segment
This section is automated to dry the hands of the customers/users after being washed. In this project, it will be placed just beside the hand washing segment.
As a result of an increasing number of people in urban areas such as Mlimani City mall In the Dar es Salaam region, there is an increasing rate of contamination on the public restroom due to manual operation of water faucets and negligence of many users to use all basic components for effective cleaning have exposed users to bacterial contamination and poor water management.
- Objectives of the project
Basically, the objectives of this project can be categorized into two sub-categories
- Main objective
- Specific objective
The main objective of this project is to design a sanitization system that can provide touchless automatic control for maintaining user hygiene in public washrooms.
- Designing automatic valves control for hand washing sinks
- Design of toilet flashing system
- Development of an automatic valve control system for hand washing sinks
- Development of an automatic toilet flushing system
- Significance of the project
The main significance of this project is to ensure a contamination-free handwashing process as it will capable of forcing users to use soap and scrub their hands for less than 30 seconds during cleaning and with its touchless control of the entire system the problem of the increased rate of contamination can be reduced to a greater extent.
The end product of this project will enable better water management Since Water will only be allowed to flow at times when required thus with this system more water will be preserved as compared to the conventional mechanism used in these days on controlling water faucets in public restrooms.
Also, this project will Improve the reliability of the system Since each unit will be fully complete with all basic components, for the hand washing and hand drying process
Literature review
The recent trend of automatic water faucet available in the market have tried to eliminate the need of the user to operate the faucet lever. These faucets require a user to initiate their operation but it will mechanically stop after the recoil has regained its original position. These types are widely used in public areas as they are trying to tackle the problem of contamination (huge, n.d.).
In the market, automatic air dryers that do not necessitate users are very common. It uses a proximity sensor that is mostly based on infrared (IR) light to detect the presence or absence of hands (Anon., 1993).
Semi-automatic soap dispensers are very common but they do not completely offer a user touchless control and others have applied similar usage of the proximity sensor in detecting hands and free users from touching the soap dispenser (Anon., 2019).
World Toilet Day Celebrations at the national level is part of the Clean Toilet Campaign activities carried out by the Ministry of Housing and Local Government through the Department of the local. This response is intended to remind people about the practice of good care and clean toilets and thereby improving the image cleanliness of public toilets in the country (Sadhguru, 2019)
Methodology
Development of the automatic sanitization system uses an interactive design process to carefully consider the usability of the final product that meets the standard hand-wash procedures.
Proposed system
In order to overcome the shortcoming of the existing system, I recommend this project as it attempts to design and develop an Automatic Sanitization system for public restrooms using an integrated circuit with predefined controls. This system comprises hand washing and hand drying sections built in a solitary unit. For standard application, the system is designed to ensure it is user-friendly and interactive with ease of installation in regular water supply and electrical power supply.
- Indicator-led lamps
- Sensor
- Soap pump
- Ely
- Fan
- Elay
- Buzzer
- Miro controller
- Solenoid valve
- Regulated power supply
Figure 3.1: Block diagram of the proposed sanitization system for public washroom
References
- Anon., 1993. Wikipedia. [Online] Available at: http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/hand_dryer [Accessed 12 2019].
- Anon., 2019. medicines. [Online] Available at: http://www.mediclinics.com/en/soap-dispensers [Accessed 12 2019].
- Haque, Z. u., n.d. Automatic Washbasin Tap Controller. Mohammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad, p. 4.
- Sadhguru, 2019. world toilet day. [Online] Available at: http://worldtoiletday.info [Accessed 12 2019].
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