Introduction
Anatomy focuses on the study of the structures that makes up the human body. My understanding and mentality about the human body have intensified and upgraded my knowledge. However, as I continue with the academic report of anatomy. I will be reflecting on what I have learned and studied during my science topics.
The structural organization of the human body
There are five levels that comprise the structural organization of the human body. Cells, tissue, organs, organ systems, and organisms. All living things are made up of cells. Cells are the basic building blocks of all organisms. Even though cells are made of smaller parts, none of those parts could survive on their own with cells. Many cells working together form tissue. The cells involved are specialized to initiate with each other to perform.
When there are layers of tissue working together, they form an organ. In fact, your body can not survive without vital organs like kidneys, lungs, liver, heart, and brain. When organs work together, they form organ systems. Organ systems keep the body adjusted and in a stable state. These systems often work together and hardly ever work in isolation. Organisms are technically any form that can carry out its own functions such as takes material in and push material out. Some fully functioning organisms are just one cell.
The 11 organ systems:
- Circulatory system: As the name implies its circulates blood around the body through the heart, arteries, veins, delivering oxygen, nutrients to organs, to help eliminate waste products from the system;
- Digestive system and Excretory system: System to absorbs nutrients to remove waste through the gastrointestinal tract;
- Endocrine system: Influences the function of the body using hormones;
- Integumentary system: This includes the skin, hair, nails, sweat, and other exocrine glands;
- Lymphatic system: Is an organ system in vertebrates that is part of the circulatory system;
- Muscular system: Enables the body to move using muscles;
- Nervous system: Collects and processes information from the senses through the use of nerves and the brain to tell the muscles to contract;
- Urinary system: The system where the kidneys filter blood to produce urine and get rid of waste;
- Reproductive system: The reproductive organs required for the production of offspring;
- Respiratory system: Brings air into and out of the lungs to absorb oxygen and remove carbon dioxide;
- Skeletal system: Bone maintains the body structure and its organs.
Organisms are technically any form that can carry out its own functions such as takes material in and push material out. Some fully functioning organisms are made of just one cell in order to help the system work together.
Anatomical terms
An anatomical term is a form of scientific terminology used by anatomists, zoologists, doctors, and health care professionals.
Medial, lateral, anterior, posterior, superior, inferior, proximal, and distal. According to Keith B, 27 Sep. 2011 ‘Anatomical Planes of the body’ I have learned that It is important to use anatomical terms in the medical field because it makes doctors have a common systematic form of communication and to ensure there is no confusion when identifying or analyzing structures. Anatomy terms Its helpful when used in front of a patient in order to prevent shock and undue anxiety. Using the terms has also made it simple, clear, and time-saving.
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The body also has different departments that contain and protect delicate internal organs. Although dorsal and ventral cavities are the largest body compartments, they have some distinguishing factors. A ventral cavity can allow for significant changes in the size and shape of the organs as they perform their functions, and include the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities. The thoracic contains the heart and the abdominopelvic contains other organs in the stomach for instance Kidney, liver, and lungs. The cavity is more rigid and includes the cranial and spinal cavities which house the brain and spinal cord respectively.
As a student, I have acquired some knowledge of how the human body works and several relationships that exist in the main organ. Such as the cell, tissue, organ, atom, organelle, organ system, and compound of molecules.
A cell is a membrane-enclosed chamber that holds molecular materials committed to carrying out metabolic reactions and caring for the genetic material. Each of the cells has a specific role they play within the body. Red blood cells carry oxygen through our bloodstream. A muscle in the cells initiates to power our movements and the brain cells help process and pass information concerning our environment and our body. Just to name a few.
A tissue is a particular type of cell and its products to work together. There are four tissue types in the human body. Epithelial, muscle, nervous, and connective tissue. Epithelial tissue is made up of cells that line inner and outer body surfaces, such as the skin. Muscle tissue is made up of cells that can contract and move. Nervous tissue is made up of neurons connected together to carry out electrical massages. Connective tissue is made up of cells that form the body’s structure such as bone and cartilage to provide support within the body.
An organ system is a type of organ that is connected to perform as a team to help carry out complicated tasks. From the digestive system to the immune system, organs such as the mouth, liver, stomach, intestines, etc. Each plays a very vital role in digesting our food and allowing the food we eat to absorb the nutrients to fuel metabolism. The rest organ system is lymphatic, endocrine, nervous, cardiovascular, integumentary, muscular, reproduction, respiratory, urinary, immune, and skeletal.
Techniques for diagnosing injuries and diseases
Taking an adequate history of the patient’s health condition and provided the patient with the opportunity to express his or her current health concerns If the patient is unable to provide a history due to language barrier, capacity issue, etc you can consult those who may be able to assist in obtaining the history, by assessing any relevant risk factors, including family history, which might help in diagnosis and also reading the notes taken by other healthcare professionals e.g. nurses, paramedics such as medical records, test results, and consultation reports.
Physical examination
This involves performing an appropriate physical examination. which is necessary to look out for any vital signs and abnormalities because many serious disorders are challenging to diagnose, a physical examination is important to help rule out the worst-case scenario.
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