In this essay, I have chosen to review the article “The dimensionality of color vision in carriers of anomalous trichromacy (Jordan et.al, 2010)”. The purpose of this essay is to show the differences and similarities between primary and secondary articles as well as how secondary articles are gathered and findings taken from primary articles. This article explains how some women may be carriers of the rare condition called Tetrachromacy where individuals have four working cones in the retina, rather than three. As a result of this condition, this abnormal condition allows individuals to see colors that normal-visioned humans wouldn’t be able to. The article is derived from the Journal of Vision, which is aimed for scientists and researchers in the area of vision science and biology, as well as some parts of neuroscience. Specifically, in this article, the disciplines include vision science and biology, related to genetics. Although this article does not specifically state which audience it is aimed at, it is clear by the use of scientific language and statistics that it is aimed at those with a scientific background and those who are interested in rare scientific findings. My understanding of visionary science is that it is study of vision and its functions. As well as this, biology is an interdisciplinary science that can correlate highly with vision science explaining the functions and processes of vision in biological organisms. I believe that the combination of the science disciplines allows scientists and the public to discover unique and rare genetic conditions that could be advantageous in the future.
Journal of Vision
The review article I chose was found on PubMed’s online search engine of life science articles and journals. The peer-reviewed ‘Journal of Vision’ encompasses the science discipline of life science because vision is important for all living organisms to see. Commonly, given by the name of the journal, vision science has a strong relationship with this journal as its main focus of articles are related to visual functions and conditions. I also believe that the journal correlates with functional biology as it contains articles that explain the processes of vision and its relationship with the central nervous system. The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO) is an organization that researches vision and eyes and is well-known worldwide (Arvo Journals, 2015). This organization is responsible for publishing three peer-reviewed articles including the Journal of Vision. Overall from my understanding the Journal of Vision, it is not associated with one discipline of science, but a variety of sciences that all correlate with each other.
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A primary article is used to link information with other primary articles to create a secondary article. I chose the primary article “Colour Discrimination in carriers of color deficiency (Hood et.al, 2006)”. The article explains how individuals who carry color vision issues experience some problems with color matching and discrimination. Colour discrimination is the ability of the eye to recognize colors from each other (Konica Minolta, 2011).
Aim
The aim, which was found in the abstract, was to take 55 samples of carriers of protanopia (individuals with red-green color blindness and are missing red cones) and deuteranopia (individuals with red-green color blindness and are missing green cones), and another 55 age-matched controls to determine color discrimination. The primary article contributed to the rising research area in biology and vision science of tetrachromacy and how it can be genetically passed on.
Hypothesis
It was hypothesized that carriers of color vision problems displayed issues of color discrimination. They also suggested that those with deuteranopia have fewer issues than the controls, while those with protanopia who have color discrimination have a closer relationship with the control group.
The hypothesis was found in the results and discussion however from my experience, it was hard to locate and understand.
Results
Hood et.al (2006) discovered that those with deuteranopia experienced color discrimination while those with protanopia had normal color discrimination. This is because those with deuteranopia have middle wave-sensitive cones and those with protanopia have long wave-sensitive cones in the retina. They also described that the variance of middle and long wave cones is the cause of colour discrimination and that two cone types are more abundant in individuals with deuteranopia.
Contribution
The primary article is sufficiently mentioned in the general discussion part of the article, relating to explaining that there is impaired colour discrimination when there is a different amount of cone cells in individuals’ eyes. A figure from the primary article was also used in the Jordan et al. (2010) article, however, it is not available to look at properly within the article.
I chose this article as I found the genetics discipline and vision science discipline interesting, however, I believe that the primary article may be better understood by experienced and advanced visionary scientists and biologists. Although I did have to research the two different types of red-green color blindness, it was still confusing to make sense of the methods, results and discussion as I have no previous experience with the discipline of vision science, only a basic high school level of biology. It may be suitable for students in BABS1201 studying vision science, however, I believe that it the results and discussion were detailed with scientific terms that I couldn’t understand.
Review article vs primary article
Review articles are a summary of a research area using a range of primary articles. To compare, the primary article had a somewhat significant contribution to the review article within the general discussion, as shown by the date referencing used within the Jordon et al. (2010) review article. From the primary article (Hood et al., 2006), parts of the results were included in the review article. The primary article was more difficult to understand and read as it had a formal and complex scientific form. On the other hand, the review article was easier to read and understand although there were some difficult concepts to interpret. The primary article clearly followed the structure of a scientific article thus it was easy to find the different parts of the article. Similarly, the review article also adhered to a non-specific structure but was divided into sections that were easy to understand.
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