Female genital mutilation cutting (FGMC) in Dodoma Region
Research titles.
- Assessment of prevalence of female genital mutilation cutting in Dodoma Region.
- Assessment of factors influencing female genital mutilation cutting in Dodoma Region.
- Assessment of the impact of female genital mutilation cutting in the Dodoma Region.
Title objectives.
Assessment of the factors influencing female genital mutilation cutting in the Dodoma Region
- The broad objective of the study.
- To assess the factors that influence the female genital mutilation practice in the Dodoma region.
Specific objectives.
- To assess the factors perpetuating the practice of female genital mutilation in the Dodoma region.
- To assess the good practices that can hinder or combat the perpetuation of female genital mutilation in the Dodoma region.
- To explore the psychological and reproductive consequences of female genital mutilation to women in the Dodoma region.
- To explore the knowledge about factors accelerating the prevalence of female genital mutilation in the Dodoma region.
- To assess the impact of the good practices or strategies that can hinder the practice of female genital mutilation in the Dodoma region.
Background
Female genital mutilation (FGM) includes procedures involving the partial or total removal of the external female genitals for non-therapeutic reasons. They can have negative psychosexual and health consequences that need specific care. The practice is perpetually done in many African countries including those situated in the sub-Saharan region such as Nigeria, Ghana, Mali, Central Africa, Sudan, Kenya and Tanzania. In this research proposal, I`ll focus mainly on Tanzanian societies, more especially those from the Dodoma region such as the Gogo tribe. In my study I'll review some key knowledge gaps in the clinical care of women with FGM, focusing on obstetric outcomes, surgical interventions (defibrillation and clitoral reconstruction), and the skills and training of healthcare professionals involved in the prevention and management of FGM. Also, I'll identify research priorities to improve the evidence necessary to establish guidelines for the best multidisciplinary care, communication, and prevention, and to improve health-promotion measures for women with FGM
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Female genital mutilation is a problem still persists in Tanzanian culture. The United Nations (UN) estimates over 200 million women in the world have been subjected to female genital mutilation cutting (FGMC) and about 3 million girls are at great risk of being circumcised every year. Tanzania FGMC's overall prevalence is around 15in girls and women aged 15-49 years. It is estimated that 7.9 million women and girls in Tanzanian countries have undergone FGMC. The prevalence of FGM in Dodoma was reported to be about 47% of women according to the last demographic health survey report which dealt with the issue in 2011. The consequences of FGM include; Prolonged labor, obstructed labor, postpartum hemorrhage recovery and stay in hospital, episiotomy and perineal injuries. As per study it showed that more rural than urban women and girls are being circumcised, so there being more impact to the rural population compared to the urban one.
The Female genital mutilation practice in Tanzania, particularly in the Dodoma region has been practiced as a part of their cultural way of life that they have been inherited by the older generation, in order to make sure that the practice is maintained socially and culturally as a matter of being part of their cultural identity, they have in the society. Some of the commonest sharable reasons or factors leading to perpetual female genital mutilation in many Tanzanian societies, including the Gogo tribe are such as; this practice is done as it is considered as a marker of life`s transition of a female from childhood to adulthood (Abdel Shahid and Campbell, 2015), also FGM is considered as social status by many societies practicing it (Johnson and Agbakwu et Al, 2014), as a means of Chastity and marriageability in that a circumcised girl is socially considered as mature capable of being married and maintaining a stable marriage and so far building a trustable family, also FGM is practiced in believing of promoting cleanliness, hygiene and beauty of the girls who are to prepare for the marriage.
Problem statement
Despite the efforts done by UNFPA, the United Nations sexual and reproductive health agency, together with the European Union Delegation to Tanzania, the High Commission of Canada, the Embassy of Ireland, the Embassy of the Netherlands, and the British High Commission highlighted the collaborative more efforts that are needed across all sectors of society in Tanzania to intensify efforts to end female genital mutilation at an event held at the Alliance Française on the 16th July 2018. Although criminalized since 1998, FGM is still almost universal in some communities, and girls under the age of one are increasingly the most affected group. The fight to end FGM is now global, and UNFPA is the lead agency in Tanzania supporting the government to end this practice, which a violation of girls and women`s human rights. There has been a decrease in the practice over the last five years but recent data from UNFPA show that population growth is jeopardizing progress made to date as the real number of girls at risk is growing. And the cutting season for 2018 is approaching; many communities in Tanzania practice cutting during the month of December, which coincides with the school holidays
The Government of the United Republic of Tanzania is committed to reviving the National FGM Taskforce to ensure that legislation and policies that protect young girls are implemented. UNFPA has supported the Tanzania Police to establish Gender and Children`s Desks; they now have an increased capacity to detect and investigate FGM. UNFPA`s support to the various centers campaigning against FGMC provides alternative rites of passage that over 2,000 girls have attended. UNFPA is committed to continuing its support to girls at risk from FGM including through the provision of professional counseling for parents to ensure that there is a parental consent for girls to attend alternative rites of passage and stay at the camps. UNFPA is working with both the traditional media and young influencers on social media to ensure that every young girl across the country hears the message that they don`t need to undergo FGM to be accepted as a person. The young influencers have already started their mission to raise awareness about FGM; information about FGM has been posted on the school`s notice board at the Centre For Foreign Relations and awareness-raising sessions will be held with students and teachers, ensuring the involvement of many societies that have the cultural practices of female genital mutilation cutting (FGMC). UNFPA has planned some strategies, for instance, it will take some of the champions fighting to end FGM in Tanzania to the 73rd United Nations General Assembly and place the need to accelerate efforts to end FGM on the international agenda. In October, in collaboration with the Government and the European Union, a national dialogue will be held to assess opportunities for scaling up programs across the country. FGM can and will be eliminated but every member of Tanzania society must be aware of the laws that exist to prevent the practice and its harmful and life-threatening impact. In the recent UNFPA meeting Hashina Begum, Deputy Representative, UNFPA, concluded at the event: We must work together to challenge traditions and cultural beliefs that drive this practice and work with all sectors of society to ensure that no other girl becomes an FGM statistic.
Title objectives.
(Assessment of the factors influencing female genital mutilation cutting in the Dodoma Region).
- The broad objective of the study.
- To assess the factors that influence the female genital mutilation practice in the Dodoma region.
Specific objectives.
- To assess the factors perpetuating the practice of female genital mutilation in the Dodoma region.
- To assess the good practices that can hinder or combat the perpetuation of female genital mutilation in the Dodoma region.
- To explore the psychological and reproductive consequences of female genital mutilation to women in the Dodoma region.
- To explore the knowledge about factors accelerating the prevalence of female genital mutilation in the Dodoma region.
- To assess the impacts of the good practices or strategies that can hinder the practice of female genital mutilation in the Dodoma region.
Research questions
- What are the factors perpetuating the practice of female genital mutilation in the Dodoma region?
- What are the good practices that can hinder or combat the perpetuation of female genital mutilation in the Dodoma region?
- What are the possible psychological and reproductive consequences of female genital mutilation to women in the Dodoma region?
- What are the knowledge of people concerning the factors accelerating the prevalence of female genital mutilation in the Dodoma region?
- What are the impacts of the good practices or strategies that can hinder the practice of female genital mutilation in the Dodoma region?
Justificationdignificance of the study
FGM is prevalent in Tanzanian societies. The female secret society governs a girl's rites of passage into womanhood. Are the ones who are including and hibernating this harmful ritual For many of us, our parents did not attend school, so they did not know about the danger of attending this cultural practice of undergoing FGM.
Female genital mutilation is gender-based violence; hence it`s practice is considered to be against the female because it leads to prolonged traumatic and psychological torture with their bodies and mind as a whole, thus leading to failure in attaining the maximal sexual arousal for them to feel the satisfaction.
Female genital mutilation steals a girl`s future; When a girl is forced to undergo FGM, she loses her future, as well as the danger of death and bleeding, FGM also causes girls to drop out of school which in turn leads to early marriage and to teenage pregnancy because their parents will save up all their money to pay for their initiation.'
Female genital mutilation extends poverty among the local societies; Since they will use the money to buy food for the ones invited for the activity and for the crowd who come for the ceremony, so after they have done all that, when you come out from your initiation, thereafter parents will not have any money to send their children to school, so FGM extends poverty.'
Also, the study will be done to know that FGM can cause a girl to drop out from school; the practice of FGM in local societies can cause a female pupil or student to drop from the study in schools, because of the complications that she has undergone, and perhaps persisting jeopardizing her, therefore, she has to drop the study and remain at home while doing nothing productive to her rather than going to farms for cultivation. In this study, I have tried to set up the research questions that can probably tell the reality with why they do cut or circumcise the girls in the essence of the analyzed objectives
The study will also show that FGM is a violation of girls' and women's rights; because FGM is usually performed without permission and against will, it violates girls right to make important decisions about their sexual and reproductive health.
At least 200 million girls and women alive today in 30 countries worldwide have been subjected to FGM. It's time to end the outdated attitudes that allow this harmful practice to continue. Thankfully, today's young activists are determined to see this happen in their lifetimes.
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