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Youth is the best to be understood as a period of transition from the dependence of childhood to adulthood’s independence. In Western societies, ‘youth’ is defined as “life stages between childhood and adulthood” and becoming independent from dependent (Kehily 2007). ‘Youth’ is often used to refer to those between the ages of leaving compulsory education and finding their first job. The United Nations (1981) defines ‘youth’ as those between the ages of 15 and 24 years old, without prejudice to other definitions by Member States. However, the term ‘youth’ varies in different societies around the world. According to the Cambridge Dictionary, ‘jobless’ is defined as unemployed. The definition of the unemployed has been underlined in the Labour Force Survey Report, Malaysia (2002). Both actively and inactively unemployed persons are categorized as unemployed. The actively unemployed include all persons who did not work during the reference week but were available for work and actively looking for work during the reference week. However, inactively unemployed persons include persons who did not look for work because they believed no work was available or that they were not qualified; persons who would have looked for work if they had not been temporarily ill or had it not been for bad weather; persons who were waiting for answers to job applications; and persons who had looked for work before the reference week. In a nutshell, youth unemployment refers to a typical age range that covers those who have just finished high school or graduated from colleges or universities which include individuals aged 15 to 24,
As the global economy continues to recover, labor force is improving, albeit at a slower pace. Anthony Dass, chief economist and head of AmBank Research stated that global unemployment in 2018 is projected around 5.5%, slightly better than 2017’s reading of 5.6% on the back of a better global GDP outlook, with an expected growth of around 3.6% in 2018 from 3.3% in 2017. When we look into the whole, we could find out that youth unemployment remains stubbornly high and analysis shows global youth unemployment is higher than global unemployment. It was around 13.2% in 2017 and is estimated to stay around the same level in 2018. Youth unemployment will always be a common problem in developed and developing nations. Proper attention should be given as this phenomenon will become a burden, a cost, and a problem to a nation. Youths should always be productive individuals who should contribute to the development of a nation and society. Unemployment of any kind represents a potential wastage of resources (Casson, 1979). From ancient times to the present, unemployment of young people is one of the most debatable issues as well as burden people to live through it. If this cannot be addressed, it may result in serious long-term negative effects. Hence, it is high time for us to discuss the causes and solutions to emerge youth unemployment.
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