I have chosen this topic because in the world there are too many people whose living conditions that are not the right ones for a human and in a world so globalized like ours, we should not looking the other way and from developed countries like ours we have to help these people for as a minimum they have a decent living conditions. As I have said before there are a lot of countries that have very precarious sanitary conditions, especially in Africa countries, specifically sub-Saharans countries. As Recover Foundation the neonatal mortality is 50% and the mortality in children under 5 years old is 10%, carries that the situation in the African sanitary conditions is constantly in an emergency state.
According to a WHO report, only 28% of health centres and 34% of hospitals had “reliable” access to electricity; this means that they didn´t have important interruptions the last week. Consequently, many women give birth in the dark, they can do the surgery with candlelight and a lot of kids die because doctors can´t refrigerate the vaccines. In the end, one thing is clear if you don´t have energy, you can´t have good health. My degree, Mechanical Engineering, is dedicated to the study and solution of problems using technology. As one of the big problems of health in Africa is the lack of energy for hospitals and health centres do not have decent conditions for take care of the sick people, the technical knowledge that my studies offer me can help to find solutions for this big problem. To find a solution we have to look the balance between sustainable energy source and profitability. One of the best solutions is the use of solar panels to get power since it is a sustainable energy source and is profitable because as UN says, the return on investment would be between 2 and 5 years. Also, this would allow take more health centres to the rural villages.
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As in these countries they have a lot of hours of sun during the year, it is an energy source what they would have during the year and would not provoke shortage of energy in any moment of the year. The implementation of this system is not a complicated thing. The use of solar panels to get energy is a simple system. First of all, being poor countries, they don´t have money to carry about this type of investment, but as I have said before this investment can be returned soon. There is also the possibility of starting with a little investment and slowly with the enter of much money keep increasing the quantity of solar panels. Once obtained the money and the solar panels, only you need to install the system on the roof of health centres and hospitals. Once installed thanks to solar light electricity can be obtained and so be able to have a better sanitary quality.
The use of solar panels to obtain energy has several advantages. For instance, it provides a permanent, clean, and reliable energy. It is a permanent energy, this means that it uses as energy source the sun, that is always there. Furthermore, the days that it rains, or it is cloudy, the solar panels store the energy for these days, ensuring that they always have the same quantity of energy. It is a clean energy, because it is totally respectful with the environment helping to reduce the carbon emissions. According to UN, if they implemented this system, carbon emissions will be reduced by 250 thousand tons. Fortunately, this system don´t have big technical problems, it is a very safe system. They only must consider that this system needs a lot of maintenance, because one of the problems is that can corrode, can drop cables, or make cracks on the surface. For me, the biggest problem is not a technical problem but the lack of financing since these countries are not strong economically speaking, therefore they are going slowly. It could improve with the installation of the called “Sunflowers”, which are solar panels set in a perfect circle. Instead of installing them on the roof, they are set on the ground. This system turns looking always the sunrays incise with an inclination of 90º, to obtain the maximum energy. It is capable to store more energy than normal solar panels. One of the other things that it has is that it can be automatically clean, getting that they don´t have to be pending of their maintenance.
Currently, this system of solar panels is already being implemented through the UN programme called “Solar for Health”. This programme has already installed solar panels in 405 health centres in Zimbabwe and it has created in Zambia 3000 m2 of space for store energy to guarantee, for example, the cold chain of the vaccines. We can see how this improved in the lives of these people in the words of Veronica Lungi, nurse of Chikumbi Health Post in Zambia, who said that after they had connected the solar panels, every night they switched on the lights, she said that it had been amazing, it had been like a dream. In the future I think that every time this type of projects are going to do more and more and better, because the society is becoming aware of how important is that we help to these people. Regarding the problem of financing, I think that the countries with more quality of life will realize that they will have to invest on these projects, because we can´t allow in the future that these people keep living in this sanitary conditions.
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