As Valle (n.d) pointed out “In editing the human genome, scientists must worry about unintended consequences, changes to other parts of the genome that are called off-target effect. Fix one thing, we have broken something else. (as cited in Hopkins, 2017)”. In other words, by developing technologies, scientists have tried out all possible ways of modifying the genes of animals, nature, and food and now they have started hunting human beings. One of the major goals of creating gene modification was the treatment of blood diseases and the immune system. However, it has also shown its negative sides, related to the environment, social equity and human dignity which arise global changes and lead to the disastrous consequences. Take a moment and imagine, your life after a decade, the method of modification has already been implemented; you have a child who will be naturally born because he or she has no genetic modification. Many in your social circle may even look down on you, as all wealthy people will have designed babies with numerous upgrades, which costs expensive. As a result, the world population will be divided into two groups; there will be a division between modified and non-modified. Due to the consequences mentioned above, scientists and engineers should make critically consider and environmentally friendly inventions to take precautions for our future generation.
These days thanks to advanced technologies, we are doing what we only ever imagined. Before we could not even cure some human diseases, however, now humanity has reached the stage of modernization. According to Warnock (1991), as the level of knowledge is increasing, human abilities will also rise in quantity and quality. Thereby, the range of scientific fields is expanding rapidly in search of new inventions and aiming to try them. Pope Francis (2015) noted that once the technology reaches its zenith, it would change its purpose. For example, initially, the target of technology was to enhance our life, now, it has begun to act negatively. Consequently, our life cycle and theory of expectations have changed a lot. One of the cases, that scientists help us to re-design our babies, as we prefer, though God has already shaped them. Moreover, this task demands a huge responsibility, as little changes in human genes can cause big changes to the entire humankind. Saint John Paul II (1995) stated out that everyone and even a newly born child should be respected and regarded as a person. By this explanation, he meant that everybody has a right to genetic inheritance from parents, which has not been artificially interfered. Besides, the method of modification has caused considerable problems, by destroying a big number of embryos. As a result, the child becomes a manufacturing product.
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The first possible solution could be making an available edition of genes only for people, to whom it is necessary and when they do not have alternatives. It must be intended for serious illness, with a reasonable alternative and carried out under strict supervision. Modification in this field will not give opportunities to make a person ideal on define spheres, like physical strength or improved intelligence, but used only for treating and helping disabled people allowing them to live in fulfillment. As Alta Charo (n.d) stated out in one of his speeches, by changing the human genome, we can open up enormous prospects for understanding, curing or preventing many destructive genetic diseases, moreover, for improving the treatment of many other diseases (as cited in Henry Bodkin, 2017). The realization of this decision may take some time since it requires a considerable amount of money and the agreement of patience and their parents. By implementing this solution, we can see visible outputs in many spheres. For example, a level of development of countries will rise, as there will be a reduced number of people with disabilities, mutation and gene disruption. On the other side, for some patients, “editing may be more akin to getting pushed through a shredding machine” said Ruha Benjamin (as cited in Noma Nazish, 2017). Some people do not permit simple surgeries, but when it comes to modifying the gene, it is twice risky and dangerous. They may even think that scientists want to test on them like on guinea pigs because sick people are very sensitive. Moreover, even though we cure disabled people successfully, this may not forecast his or her future. Because, in this case, one mistake means that each subsequent generation will have the same defect or even doubled.
Another solution will be changing the aim of gene modification into adding genes of professional people to others (children). It means that scientists will get genes of different people who are talented in different spheres and put it to children. In this way, the future generation will have a right to choose a certain job and get genes for it. As for the feasibility of this solution, it is very low; one of the main reasons is that not every expert wants to share genes that they have developed during decades and sleepless nights. The main advantage of this process is that people will choose a preferred future job to get genes and only study for further developing in a particular field. However, in this case, they should not study as hard as today’s people do. The disadvantages of this solution is that humanity will lose the value and meaning of their life, as they will buy their future and get already programmed life paths. In most cases, their parents will plan the fare of children, as they decide what kind of gene to put. Consequently, people will not have any aspiration, desire and be hardworking to accomplish their goals. As for qualities, highly demanded jobs will cost higher compared to low demanded ones. Therefore, it will be the type of market, which allow possessing any kind of ability and skill according to their finance.
The third solution is to establish a special center, where everything will be carefully analyzed and modified. There, everything will be thoroughly checked, to transmit safe changes in the genetic code to future generations. This means that editing the 'germline' will be carried out under strict criteria, only in a special center. Once Alta Charo (n.d) mentioned that 'Caution is absolutely needed, but being cautious does not mean prohibition” (as cited in Bodkin, 2017). Therefore, it should be done in a careful way that promotes responsibility, respect, and fairness, without causing misunderstandings among society. Implementing a single laboratory in one of the developed countries may be quite expensive, but still feasible and optimal in many spheres. Therefore, we should make a list of countries which are ready to invest, buy a patent in order to promote this center. One of the main advantages can be the boost of the developing process of the gene modification field. Because, if all experiments take place in one center, researchers should not gather information from other sources, all data will be collected, stored and used only there. Consequently, strict control will not allow some people to realize their selfish goals. However, constructing and financing such center can arise several arguments among countries. Furthermore, the high price of transportation and other documentations can make it quite difficult to achieve for the populace. In spite of some drawbacks, positive sides overweight them a lot. This solution will not only prevent negative effects but also helps to expand the span of gene modification and establish its new opportunities. Finally, we will get one center of experimenting and laboratory where scientists will try out their researches. Undoubtedly, this solution will reduce the negative sides of gene modification toward humanity and gives perfect outputs, which give a warranty for using it.
In conclusion, it is obvious that developed countries can detect and realize better solutions for preventing the bad effects of gene editing and reduce the rate of discrimination among people. The purposes of the current study were to determine the main problems and figure out the consequences, which caused the creation of ideal babies in test-tube. Regarding the major point, it is to find alternative solutions to this problem as feasible as possible. In addition, some ideas might help to solve this issue. For example, making gene modification possible only for sick, changing the target of gene modification, and building a single special center for careful analyzing with strict controls, as well. The first two solutions would cause visible changes after implementing them. The main weakness of them is having a few probabilities of improvements due to lack of resources. However, the outputs would not be clarified until these methods are not tried. According to the economic and social conditions of developed countries, the third solution fits perfectly and seems more feasible, therefore, in these countries the gene modification system is already using. It can combine previous solutions and make further improvements and developments as well. Moreover, there must not be any dilemma among people all over the world, as everyone has the same rights. Governments of all countries should support afflicted people, who do not have enough facilities t
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