Analysis of Hospital Waste Management in Quetta City

Introduction:

Hospital waste is a type of waste that is produced in small amounts but transports a great potential of pollution and damage. Insufficient and improper management of hospital waste may have serious public health moments and a significant effect on the environment (Rasheed S et al., 2005). The management of hospital waste is an essential process that need to be distributed with carefully. Hazardous waste management requires specific awareness and procedures and it must be supported by authorities in the ground.

Hospital waste material mentions to all waste, biologic or non-biologic which is unwanted and not proposed for extra use. Waste of medical is a division of hospital waste and medical waste materials are produced as a result of analysis, diagnosis, handling or immunization of patients and related to a biomedical investigation (Rutala W et al., 2015). Those individuals who are unprotected to waste material are actually at risk. These individuals are belonging to medical work, patients, hospital visitors, workers in support related to hospitals (washing, waste managers and carriers) and waste dumping workers such as landfills or burners (incinerators) with scavengers. There are different and dangerous diseases are transmitted but Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) are the most significant diseases (Ahmed S, 2014).

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The final treatment of hospital waste is incineration. Incineration can harmful effects on human health when it is un-regularized (Hoenich, N. A et al., 2002). The fakes grave and improper management of biomedical waste are risk to the environment and human beings. Incineration of biomedical waste is compulsory because it is the best and only acknowledged treatment of medical waste. Moreover, a scientifically considered landfill can promote strengthening the included hospital waste management system while ailing aimed and achieved landfill can also lead to contaminated groundwater (Orloff, K. et al., 2003). It is significant to dispose of such hospital waste correctly to escape its hazardous effects on health (Saini, S. et al., 2004).

A plethora of literature data are available pertaining to the problems and weakness in the management of hospital wastes. However, little attention has been paid to the information and existing conditions of hospitals of Quetta city, therefore the present study's aim is to collect information and data in this context and to put forward valuable suggestions and figures to the government and public to dump the hospital wastes properly and keep the environment, subjects and animals from hazardous effects of hospital wastes.

Literature review:

Shahida R., et al (2005) to investigate the existing observations of isolation methods, storage preparation, dumping and collection systems of Karachi in training hospitals. Examination of cross-sectional was lead in eight training hospitals of Karachi by using a suitable sampler technique. The research mechanism was a self-managed questionnaire. Questions are related with four sections like common information of the organization, governmental information, personnel Health Waste Management information and Hospital Waste Management activities list are formed. The result showed that two (25%) hospitals were separating sharps waste, chemical, pathological waste, contagious, pressurized containers and pathological waste out of eight visited hospitals. Two (25%) hospitals provided important protective components for the treatment of possibly dangerous waste. Training assemblies was arranged by only one (12.5%) hospital for its waste handling. Storage areas are in five (62.5%) hospitals that are not properly protected from the contact of scavengers. Five (62.5%) hospitals used incineration methods to remove their hazardous waste, two (25%) removed waste by municipal and one (12.5%) used the burning process in open air. Hospital waste was not recorded. Well-known procedures and proper training team for waste management in only two (25%) hospitals.

There must be suitable training and administration regarding attentiveness and observation of waste discarding. The investigation must be accepted to cover the remaining gaps in the information about the management of hospital waste.

Ramesh K et al., 2010 studied 250,000 tons of Hospital waste produced per year in Pakistan. This hints to environmental and health significance within hospitals in addition to the outside population. The targeted study describes the qualitative explanations of ten large private and public hospitals in the Rawalpindi and Islamabad cities of Pakistan. Hospital staff including nurses, doctors and sweepers gives qualitative data was achieved by direct and indirect explanation.

Our results presented that practically all hospitals did not consume training of healthcare waste management on their importance. Hospital staff do not follow the greatest practices of HCWM rules and regulations. This study highpoint the deficiency of HCWM performance inside the ten municipal and private hospitals in Pakistan. There is a requirement of training of hospital staff and management of waste in Pakistan. That training are highly possible if attended with motivation to applicants.

Aims and objectives of the research

The objective of this study was to consider the management of hospital waste methods active by the training hospitals and to identify the rules of the hospitals about the harmless discarding of hospital waste. This study investigates the existing significant problems and gaps to appliances the HCWM performs at hospitals which created from direct explanations. In this research gap still exist due to doctors or staff members who did not manage the hospital waste properly. Its essential to discover more for the well application about the consumption of hospital waste.

Methods and materials:

The workers in health care were qualified by using the procedures delivered by WHO on HCWM and Management of Hospital Waste Rules 2005 of the Organization of Environment, Government of Pakistan. Using an authorized world health organization checklist for the collection, separation, storage and removal of infectious and dangerous waste.

• To afford helpful and informative training to the hospital staff for the removal of different waste which is produced by private and public hospitals.
• To provide the best training to the hospital staff on the basis of WHO rules.
• Hospital staff should be trained about the dangers caused to catchment population concluded healthcare waste disposal.

Project plan:

The study will be done in last two semesters (3rd and 4th semesters) of M. Phil program. It will take one year.

Sr. no

• Description
• Time duration

1. 1 Topic Discussion

• 1 month

1. 2 Literature Review

• 2 months

1. 3 Material collection

• 4 months

1. 4 Synthesis and tests

• 7 months

1. 5 Evaluation of results

• 9 months

1. 6 Thesis writing

• 11 months

1. 7 Defense

• 12 months

Place of work:

• National Hospital Quetta.
• Rahat Hospital Quetta.

Reference:

1. Rasheed, S., Iqbal, S., Baig, L. A., & Mufti, K. (2005). Hospital Waste Management in the Teaching Hospitals of Karachi. JPMA, 55, 192.
2. Rutala, W. A., & Weber, D. J. (2015). Disinfection, sterilization, and control of hospital waste. In Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases (pp. 3294-3309). Content Repository Only.
3. Ahmed, S. (2004). Hospital waste sickens the public and the environment. Daily Times, 7.
4. Hoenich, N. A., & Pearce, C. (2002). Medical waste production and disposal arising from renal replacement therapy. Advances in renal replacement therapy, 9(1), 57-62.
5. Orloff, K., & Falk, H. (2003). An international perspective on hazardous waste practices. International journal of hygiene and environmental health, 206(4-5), 291-302.
6. Saini, S., Das, B. K., Kapil, A., Nagarajan, S. S., & Sarma, R. K. (2004). The study of bacterial flora of different types in hospital waste: evaluation of waste treatment at AIIMS Hospital, New Delhi. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine & Public Health, 35(4), 986.
7. Rasheed, S., Iqbal, S., Baig, L. A., & Mufti, K. (2005). Hospital Waste Management in the teaching. Hospitals of Karachi. JPMA, 55, 192.
8. Kumar, R., Khan, E. A., Ahmed, J., Khan, Z., Magan, M., Nousheen, N., & Mughal, M. I. (2010). Healthcare waste management (HCWM) in Pakistan: current situation and training options. Journal of Ayub Medical College Abbottabad, 22(4), 101-106.