Introduction: The Dual Pillars of Civil Rights
Leadership is regarding the change management. Leaders establish a line of action; they develop a future prospects and match the participants with that expectation, and encourage them to conquer obstacles. Leadership may also be used to encourage people to achieve a set of objectives or dreams. Good leaders have often had certain characteristics and attributes connected with them. The trait hypothesis aims to understand the traits that distinguish members by reflecting on their attributes and personal attributes. Charisma or attractiveness, passion, determination and confidence include such attributes. Such qualities and features have been related with historically great rulers. Some of the biggest pioneers of the civil rights revolution are Malcolm X and Dr. Martin Luther King, opposing racism and discrimination against African Americans. This was achieved by Malcolm X by inspiring people to employ equal force toward terrorism. Through promoting non-violence Dr. Martin Luther King, on the other hand. The same liberties were not given to whites in a time of discrimination, Jim Crow Blacks.
The two African American icons, Dr. Martin Luther King and Malcolm X, had very contrasting backgrounds and ways of course. As O'Donnell states, Malcolm X and Dr. Martin Luther King helped change these people through 'socio-cultural and social conditions.' Most of the Black people was exposed to racism, inequality, terror and white brutality. Malcolm X and Dr. Martin Luther King were internationally respected icons to promote social and political progress. They also required the Black Americans to have equality of opportunity and quality of life. To order to achieve this, these members used different objectives (Carson, 2005). This can be demonstrated not just in their personalities and perceptions but in their style and leadership quality. During the development and implementation of nonviolent protests by Dr. Martin Luther King and Malcolm X urged Blacks to combat brutality with white imperialists?
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Despite the fact that Malcolm X and Dr. Martin Luther King campaigned for the similar end goal-freedom and equality-there were very separate ideologies with distinct leadership styles. This is evident through Dr. Martin Luther King's experiences and knowledge. He takes the initiative in non-violence, respected and established for his strengths of inspirational leadership. He brought up with other Middle-class Blacks in a loving and supportive home in a middle-class neighborhood. He was living in a home with two parents and a minister's son (Conyers & Smallwood, 2008). The effective minister was Dr. Martin Luther King's uncle. On the other hand, Malcolm X was born and raised in NAACP and a prominent part of the black society. Dr. Martin Luther King thus had advantages that several Black Americans did not have. He received a doctorate degree in the year 1955, with the support of both his family member. Dr. Martin Luther King was determined to pursue his father's steps regarding his potential and his upbringing Dr. Martin Luther King and his memories have formed him into the charismatic leader pursuing non-violent with whom we today identify, as a supportive community and a lifelong role model in his father foot-notes. On the other hand, Malcolm X's life was quite different.
Contrasting Backgrounds: Shaping Ideologies
Malcolm X's childhood molded him into the brave Black Nationalist, whom society recognizes and acknowledges. He lost his father at an early age. Malcolm's dad was a pillar of the community as well. At an early age, the Ku Klux Klan had assassinated his uncle. For the remainder of his life this incident was to have a major impact. His mother faced through a manic depression in which she could not take care of her children. Malcolm was orphaned after that. Without the love of a family, he grew up in fosters and in a miserable lives. He has been whisked from place to place and has no connection with his relatives (Jenkins, 2018). In the second half-century of the 20th century nobody had a greater influence on African-Americans ' cultural awareness than Malcolm X, who more than any other revolutionized the black psyche, turning the placid Negroes and ego-effacing men in the colors. Predators and religious scholars producing racial theologies, declaring God as Liberator and Jesus Christ as black. The leader for Civil Rights was a black movement and said, 'It's the time for the Country'.
Students at colleges and schools requested and received black studies. Poets, dramatists, musicians, artists and other introduced a new black aesthetic appeal that 'black is absolutely gorgeous.' Malcolm's influence did not escape any area in the African American society. The black leaders who currently dismissed him as a roarer continue to promote his cultural philosophy and encourage black people to love each other first until they even assume of loving others. Malcolm's influence did not escape any area in the African American society. The black leaders who currently confined him as a “rabble rouser” and continue to promote his cultural philosophy and encourage black people to love each other first until they even assume of loving others. Nobody was loving the blacks more than the love shared by Malcolm, nor did he tell us more about themselves. Many Black people had nothing to associate with Africa until Malcolm (Elliott, 2019). However he teaches us that 'you cannot hates the tree roots and neither the trees; you cannot dislike your origin and you cannot hate yourself; you cannot dislike Africa and you cannot envy yourself.' Though, no one can illustrate this thing as done by Malcolm X.
The initiating framework involves conducts that try to organize research, working ties and goals, and provide a corporate structure. This includes assigning roles to team members and requires a certain degree of succession. Concern has something to do with ties of work marked by shared trust, regard for emotions of followers. A highly esteemed leader is polite, approachable and cares to personal issues of his supporter. In the lifetimes of Malcolm X, a figure prominent in promoting the organization of fellow members were defined and given roles in organizing conferences and mobilizing new participants of the nation of Islam (Johnson, 2018). He was also very polite because he was very respectful to people, because he was friendly and accessible and he really was concerned with their well-being, as shown by the police brutalization of a leader. Malcolm X organized group colleagues at the police station and made it easier to release the follower and made sure that he was provided with medical care. This self-sacrificing behavior and consideration for the followers contributes to his leadership performance. Leaders with certain characteristics and attention and structuring behavior, are much more competitive. Malcolm X managed to strike a balance among the work done and the well-being of the people of Islamic State. This is called transformative leadership.
Leadership Styles: Nonviolence vs. Militancy
Values, motives, and attitudes of adherents are changing the spirit of the philosophy of transformational leadership. Transformation management aims to increase people's awareness through appealing to their self-interest and their ethical values, through organizing them to transform their organization and in return they are gaining through taking care of their well-being. This was the situation of the African Americans persecuted in the United States of America by Malcolm X and the Nation of Islam. Malcolm X was charismatic and revolutionary, scientifically stimulating and giving his supporters praise, reverence and accountability (Girgis, 2018). However, transformative leadership philosophy cannot be utilize only to demonstrate Malcolm X's management style, but the charismatic leadership philosophy is another theory that can be utilized. It is often regarded as a sister of transformative leadership or an aspect of transformative leadership. This type of leadership is ideally applied for leadership politics.
The leadership theory of Charismatic can be utilized to define leadership style of Malcolm X's since he openly contest the ruling class and talked to American culture in a manner perceived as a threat. Malcolm X had been selfish and did not receive financial rewards, he had been encouraged by the Nation of Islam vision, and this is why he had been respected by his supporters because he had been committed (Aidi, 2018). The history and training of these two leaders contributes to the disparity in their approaches to leadership. The experiences in life influenced the way in which they led but also promoted and facilitated social reform. The style of leadership that they used led to public awareness and culture. The horrific upbringing of Malcolm inspired him to lead a criminal life. He did not have a father's role model and power to help him. Their childhood conditions allow an individual to comprehend that of Malcolm X as opposed to Dr. Martin Luther King, the contrast in leadership.
In contrast, his commitment to abuse, prayer and leadership have fostered his parent’s death catastrophe. Unless Malcolm grew up with a politician father and a supportive mother, perhaps he cannot have the same characteristics of leadership that have been identified. The White people, the Devil, were called by Malcolm, and the Blacks were empowered to violence. This Malcolm supported the Black economy as a weapon toward White supremacy to be free, strong, and united. It directly reflects his contribution to the advancement of Black Nationalism. While Malcolm X encouraged Blacks to only use aggression in the face of violence, Dr. Martin Luther King did the exact opposite. Dr. Martin Luther King urged White and Black Americans to engage in non-violence in order to promote social justice. Throughout his leadership he stressed to minorities and many others that he should not strike Whites harshly, even in the face of violence. This display of will, a silent peaceful demonstration and a 'march for freedom' demonstrated that everybody could fight and peacefully fight for equal rights (Redmond, 2019). Those who oppose social change are changing tactics to use 'love guns'. Dr. Martin Luther King 'appealed to White American concept of fair play, by urging non-violence against racism, to alter socially by promoting nonviolence, thereby rejecting the idea of self-defense.'
By addition to Malcolm X, Dr. Martin Luther King taught and preached by Dc in several African American churches. His approach was not merely to meet Black people but to promote transformation and social equity, as were White and Black. There are many who view Malcolm X in negative terms. The author observed in a paper that 'Malcolm X's worldview was pretty much colored by anger, bitterness and the will to go back to a system which treated him relatively unjustly.' Malcolm X is, like Dr. Martin Luther King, a minister. For the Black Muslims Malcolm was teaching to express the same sentiments for the whites as for the blacks. In contrast, Black Nationalism, economic and social freedom, self-defense and other strategies against discrimination have been promoted by the Nation of Muslim. Among White Americans, Malcolm induced terror among the similar manner White Americans made Black culture afraid. 'Malcolm has always spoken to White America of the bitter and insignificant present and warned against aggression in a voice that struck the majority of the whites.' Whereas others protested about Malcolm X's methods, many other did the similar for Dr. Martin Luther King's style of leadership (Jenkins, 2018). Martin is thought to be conservative. He didn't broadcast television shows or radio. Rather, he spoke and advocated justice to his followers. He was and did himself as a minister of Christians. 'Martin must be liberal, because many whites sponsored and financed the civil rights movement.' Nevertheless, Dr. Martin Luther King appealed to all public opinion, regardless of race, justice and civil liberty. It promoted social equality and a stop to segregation. Dr. Martin Luther King may have achieved this because of Whites ' encouragement. Dr. Martin Luther King always tried to influence White people and shift their perceptions and beliefs. Blacks have been linked to negative synonyms and connotations that has continue to be related now (Elliott, 2019).
Public Perception and Influence
Dr. Martin Luther King used a non-violent method to transforming this view to demonstrate that African Americans are not racist, immoral or destructive. The non-violent approach allowed society to understand all Black people experience in a separate society and what they want to endure to have equal opportunities. 'Blacks would have to love themselves first in building the Black consciousness' encouraged Malcolm X. Malcolm supported Black corporations, Black property and persuaded Black people to take the necessary steps in the direction of economic and social freedom. At that moment, most Blacks had no hope of running a Black business or of being marginalized.
As a consequence, Malcolm X urged Blacks to be loaded with confidence. In this context, he 'really want to love Black people and join and govern their own cultures.' Dr. Martin Luther King was also fighting for the society of the Blacks. Yet Dr. Martin Luther King promoted tolerance, cooperation and reconciliation instead of utilizing Black pride as a motivation. He intended America to be a big melting pot that would provide Whites with the same rights of opportunities for people from various ethnicities and ethnical backgrounds. He was also going to do it by semi-violent demonstrations and protests (Aidi, 2018). Dr. Martin Luther King Jr was a competent leader for the civil rights movement of the African American under the U.S. He was smart in his ability to lead African Americans in the promotion of civil rights in peaceful political ways. He was great and powerful and used his authority to influence the righteous. Dr. Martin Luther King was trained in Systematic Theology from University of Boston to receive his PhD in Philosophy. With a good mental strength, perceptive skill and thought, one seems to become a good leader. He had a very good verbal skill. Throughout the protest to Washington, he considered for the stop of racism, the 'I have a dream' statement was delivered. The powerful statement continues on more than 40 years later.
Through his message, Dr. Martin Luther King influenced others. A ruler also has a major role to play in his own self-confidence. Self-confidence is the opportunity to be sure of your skills and talents (Redmond, 2019). You would gain the confidence of your supporters if you believe in your acts. That nobody wants anyone who is uncertain and unqualified to guide him. Being a leader, they must trust that the decision is taken in the perfect time to make the right choices. The faith and justice of Dr. Martin Luther King attracted supporters. He was optimistic that he could one day bring the Black community to equal rights. If Dr. Martin Luther King had no self-confidence, the fortunes of the African Americans would not have been affected. Dr. Martin Luther King could not have any negative effects on him deter him from achieving grandeur. Finally, a good leader's characteristics are determined. Commitment is the willingness to do the work. Dr. Martin Luther King is eager to achieve his dream of receiving equal justice someday. His enthusiasm and push inspired others to adopt the capabilities of him. He also didn't cancel, even when things were tough and he was placed in jail. For the African Americans he proceeded with his peaceful path. He offered all of it to Dr. Martin Luther King and placed himself and his friends in dangerous situations. Dr. Martin Luther King's perseverance was the explanation behind his strong campaigns (Elliott, 2019). Eventually, when he fought for independence, he made the ultimate sacrifice He was killed in Memphis, Tennessee by James Earl Ray. In 1964, he was granted the Nobel Peace Prize, given the chaos he confronted. His career and life are celebrated with a public holiday, public schools and structures named for him. Had Dr King not been committed, he would not have earned all the accolades, nor would his Independence Mall statue in Washington DC.
Conclusion: Leadership Through Personal Experience
Malcolm X and Dr. Martin Luther King have very different lifestyles and leadership styles. While Dr. Martin Luther King was given the highest credibility, Malcolm X was an extremist self-educated. In order to achieve Black equal rights by all necessary methods Malcolm X preached Black pride and Black Nationalism. Dr. Martin Luther King employed non-violence, public discourses and protests to promote political and social changes. Considering their lives and knowledge we can better understand how 'personal life interactions form the concept of democracy of a citizen.' Although not everyone is born to be a leader, though in their workplace they can still make a significant difference. You can have various leadership characteristics that help you become effective leaders in your organization. He was the first member in his African American community to succeed on Dr. Martin Luther King. In all respects, he excelled across getting his men to justice. He was able to fulfill his vision with the leadership qualities he acquired. Dr. Martin Luther King proved that he could be the greatest leader. Even if he is not living any more, his legacy continues.
References
- Carson, C. (2005). The Unfinished Dialogue of Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X. OAH Magazine of History, 19(1), 22-26.
- Conyers, J. L., & Smallwood, A. P. (Eds.). (2008). Malcolm X: A Historical Reader. Carolina Academic Press.
- Jenkins, L. R. (2018). A Sumitography: A Listing of Postage Stamps Celebrating Contributions to Civil and Human Rights by Martin Luther King Jr. and Associates.
- Elliott, R. (2019). Malcolm X’s Analysis of Citizenship & Rights For Black Americans. Available at SSRN 3403265.
- Johnson, K. D. (2018). Looking Back at Martin Luther King, Jr.: An Interview with David J. Garrow.
- Girgis, C. (2018). Coretta Scott King and Betty Shabazz: Coming Out From the Shadow of Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X (Master's thesis).
- Aidi, H. (2018). The Political uses of Malcolm X. Nka: Journal of Contemporary African Art, 2018(42-43), 212-221.
- Redmond, J. (2019). Malcolm X. Mason Crest.
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