Introduction :
According to Edwards (2019) , bullying is a physical or verbal violence that is replicated over a duration of time which, unlike pettiness, implies an imbalance of power. The general definition of an abuser is a kid who participates in such conduct is having even more control , even though their victims were equal in power as them. Bullying has been identified as a common and often overlooked phenomenon in schools around the world, and thus has severe consequences for kids whom are abused by bullying and even those who conduct the abuse. An increasingly number of studies throughout the last Fifteen years has said that both abusers and offenders seem to be at threat on both long and short run development problems and mental difficulties (Swearer et al , n.d). It can have a huge negative impact, mostly on the offender and the victim It may also be portrayed by the constant use of a higher standing of the victim to exercise authority and harm the victim , like calling names, chitchat, exposure, distributing of lies, intimidation. This happens mostly between school students , and although there may be a history of abuse through generations, As an example, most times it is said that the harassers are taller, wealthier, bigger, having more mates, and so on, that adds to an actual power disparity as well as interpreted. There are a range of methods that survivors and abusers could use to get rid of bullying, as well as family members and educators can use to prevent abuse at school. The effect of bullying on the students differs from a student to another, since everyone perceives situations differently.
Statement of the problem :
Some statistics on bullying suggest that while 30 percent of high school students admit that they have bullied other students. For more than six months, Approximately from 10% to 14% of children have been the victim of bullying. While 28 percent of grade six to 12 students have a history of being the victim of bullying (Edwards , 2019). Many students are experiencing bullying on their schools. The purpose of this article is to determine the negative impacts of bullying on students’ mental health and on the educational level.
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Research question :
Bullying has a severe negative impacts on students’ mental health and on their educational level. The conclusion of the above data leads to answering the following question ; how far could bullying affect students’ mental health and their educational level negatively?
Significance of the study :
There are three main primary groups that will benefit from this article. The first group , consists of the school students that may learn how bullying can affect their mental health. Identifying the negative effects may help them to take actions and overcome these effects. Through sharing this knowledge, students could be able to help themselves. The second group are the parents of the students as if they knew much about the problem, they would be able to be helpful for their children and secure them from being bullied and from it’s negative impacts on their mental health. Finally, teachers would be helped from this article because they would know ways to stop bullying in their classes and would know how to deal with the bully and the victim.
Types and causes of bullying:
-Types :
There are at least three different sorts of bullying: bodily harassment : is any unwelcome physical violence between both the survivor and the abuser , may involve trying to push, getting hit, scratching , trying to kick and sometimes even attempting to attack others, and verbal abuse is any libelous comments or allegations that lead to psychological damage to the survivor , refers to the use of statements to hurt others by hypocritical comments, , trying to mimic, title-calling, insulting, trying to intimidate, mocking or violent threats. Relational harassment can cause harm to emotional well-being of the individual, concentrates on eliminating anyone from a social circle, mainly via threats of physical harrasment, making up lies or other forms of intimidation. Aggressive harassment requires an abuser who responds to being just a longtime victim by selecting anyone else. Bullying may further include violent attack on the property of an individual if the victim has taken away or destroyed his or her personal belongings. Studies indicate that one of the most common form of bullying is verbal abuse, accompanied by social and bodily types (James , 2010). To conclude , the types of school bulling can be divided into ; verbal , emotional & physical.
-Causes :
The reasons of the bullying are various, complicated, and hard to uncover. It is quite possible there are a whole variety of interrelated reasons that ultimately lead to abuse; others refer to the community or the environment, while others refer to personal traits. The disrespect to social rules and the incentives for abusive behavior were two of the most common causes. It could also be, for instance, that there is indeed a generalized disrespect in the child's community, beginning at parent's house and extending at school then ending up in a larger group. There have been a lot of variables linked to the operating of the family that may lead to bullying, including lack of softness, lack of engagement of parents in the lives of their children, lack of limits on violent behavior, weak behaviour management role models. In contrast, in coping with the eventual responsible adult-child struggle, the family likes strict, unreasonable discipline (Marini , n.d). However there are many conditions that cause of abuse, there are already some lifestyle factors which could cause their victims to be bullied. Students who seem to be dissimilar among their colleagues , who are weak , who have been socially isolated, less famous, and had very few mates. Could also have an overwhelming fear of social shallowness , Children who face domestic abuse or aggressive behavior, or are affected by abusive social interactions, are more highly probable to harass. This means that positive social interactions decrease the risk of bullying (Waseem , 2019). This means that Social standards , gender , situational and structural elements are the causal factors of school violence and harassment.
The negative impacts on students’ mental health :
There are many negative effects of bullying on students’ mental health , the psychological symptoms include several feelings of anxiety, depression , disappointment , breathing disturbances , constant hallucinations , sleeplessness , isolation , powerlessness , and feeling lonely. Survivors of bullying can experience behavioral effects, such as ; avoiding direct interactions, lack of desie of attending school or trying to take longer days home, Missing school without informing their families or even attempting to fight against their persecutors. Their scores can drop and they might even get to be self-destructive (Edwards , 2019). The psychological effects come mainly from the short-term impacts that students' face during their life of constant abuse. Mental health problems appear to identify their psychological perspective much further than the years of abuse, expanding into their adulthood, that they become severe, almost always longstanding issues , These difficulties make it much harder to sleep, exercise , eat, work and engage in different hobbies , all the necessary elements of a complete, stable life. These often make it much more difficult to make and maintain relationships with their colleagues. As shown in the report, they are at much severe risk of long-lasting mental issues than either being bullied or being abused at its own. Even though this category of students, as per the report, had such an increased chance of family distress at home, that would not be the single determining factor , abusers / survivors already reported increased numbers of early life mental disorders, severe anxiety, and depressive moods. Unfortunately, when the young person was approached by the abuser, they were at a considerably greater danger of suicidal ideation. Just 5.7% of young people who had been neither abusers nor survivors noted suicidal thoughts. A total of 24.8 percent of the victims reported it. They also had the highest depressive symptoms, anxiousness, and panic attacks. This shows that there is indeed something quite toxic about the merged existence of both being an abuser and being bullied (Steele , n.d). To sum up bullying can cause many psychological disorders like depression , anxiety..etc.
-The negative effects of bullying on students’ educational level :
Bulling has a significant effect on the students’ educational level. Childhood abuse impacts academic achievement, because abused students feel discomfort and weakness however at the same time influences the character and self-confidence of pupils. As a consequence, this fact makes bullying children unwilling to study or to pay attention to their studies well, and even they might not like to go to class. Students even miss the opportunity to join in their colloquiums or even to attend school activities. A lot of researchers have shown that there is a positive relationship between harassment and poor academic performance. Children feel anxious as they attend at school. According to (Talahin et al , 2016) found that when children feel like harassment is a problem in their class, they feel that it is dangerous and indicates decreased participation in the school community. They therefore have less motivation to do well at school and do not participate in school activities. The effects of bullying impact the academic performance of survivors in both direct and indirect ways. As a consequence, the harassed student by his classmates may become nervous and scared of being mocked, so he may refuse to take part at school or have difficulty in focusing on classroom work due to severe anxiety. Harassing inhibits focus and future academic performance, so that survivors lack interest in education and suffer from a fall in school performance as their mind is diverted from studying ( swearer , 2010 ). The harassment has changed their decision for continuing education by 40 percent of adults who had been bullied at school. There are many methods that harassment creates academic problems which affect schooling: Harassment leads to problems with focus that makes it very difficult to concentrate when a child is bullied at school. Pressure of any kind appears to affect one's emotions, but we prefer to ruminate on social stress that concerns our friends or friendships in particular. Pressure hormones from harassment hinder education and decrease cognitive capacity , getting harassed leads to an increase in the brain's stress hormones, and these increased levels of cortisol actually produce physical brain modifications that inhibit the growth of new neurons and conflict with memory formation. The minds are connection devices by nature, and when education exists within a traumatic environment, it is difficult to enjoy academic pursuits or come to integrate knowledge with positive qualities. In other words bullying has a sever effect on the academic achievement.
-Discussion and recommendation:
-Inferences:
How far could bullying negatively affect the mental health of students and their level of education? Reviewed sources emphasize that harassment seems to have become a divisive issue worldwide and a real issue for youth. Abuse tends to make people conscious about how others view them, unnecessarily and painfully. This is achieved in a negative way, but may also render them overly focused on how they appear to others in a wider context, hey even tend to follow darkly distorted views of themselves. In fact, harassment upsets their sense of security in their country, making them feel vulnerable. They may be worried about going to school or having a course, which only contributes to ever more lack of motivation and diminished academic achievements. Bullying in schools not just to effects physical and mental health, but it also has negative educational outcomes, undermining children's and youth's right to good education. As per the report examining the previous studies on the reasons of bullying at school, it could result in bullying despite external factors and inner factors. External influences include reduced social autonomy attributable to closed program and community, social isolation, lack of restrictions for harassment prohibitions agreed by all students, lack of managers, etc. Internal factors involve prejudice for diversity and minority, failure to recognize that other students have the rule that harassment is inappropriate, lack of cognitive and emotional compassion for anyone who may be abused, failure to perceive behavior problems as bullying, excuse for abuse, failure to anticipate harassment to be identified, etc.
-Limitations:
One of the limitations of this research study was by Steele (n.d) , Edwards (n.d) & Swearer (2010) as these sources was having a lack of statistics and case studies. Also the report done by Talahin et al (2016) might have biased the sample. Therefore, the results might not generalize to other as the goal of the research was to examine the effect of school harassment on childrens' educational achievement from an educator point of view in Jordanian schools. The survey sampling included of all the educators in the Amman West District. The sample group composed of two hundred educators chosen from various Jordanian schools. In addition most of the sources was generalized and was not targeting a specific age group.
-Recommendations:
Additional research needs to be conducted to determine a case studies and some statistics to show how common this phenomenon is happening at most of schools in every country. The reports needs to have further explanations and examples to let the importance of this topic be clear to the public. Also researchers needs to determine every single aspect in this issue in a whole complete report , solutions to this problem needs to be provided to help students , parents & teachers to overcome the negative impacts of bullying.
-Conclusion:
The goal of this report is to examine the negative influence of bullying on the mental health of students and on the level of education. School bullying has a negative impact on physical and mental health, but also on academic achievement. Past research on the causes of school bullying , given external factors and internal factors that may result in abuse. Studies need further descriptions and details to enable the relevance of this issue, further research is needed to find a case study and some statistical data to demonstrate how often this phenomenon occurs.
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