It is a first NSAID ( nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent). it is derived from the chemical phenyl acetic acid . it mainly acts as analgesic and antipyretive . the recommended dose of the drug is 100-150mg. the administration of the drug is done through several ways mainly through oral, rectal, intramuscular , Capsule ,Gel ,Drops. There are different Brand names of the drug voltaren, Cataflam , Cambia .
The mechanism of action involved in this is it reacts with Arachidonic acid for binding to cyclooxygenase enzyme which results in the decreased formation of prostaglandin synthesis by this mechanism it decreases the effect of pain in the patients. It also inhibits both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways . Diclofenac mainly acts through GI tract (gastrointestinal tract) . As it is mainly given through the oral route , it undergoes first pause metaboilism by this 60% of the drug reaches to the systemic circulation . The excreation of the drug occurs through urinary and billary tract . When compares with Aspirin the effectiveness of the drug diclofenac is same as through the Aspirin . As per the research Pharmacodynamic properties of the drug it works in various conditions it decreases acute and chronic infections , pain, hyperthermia, in various Animals . As well as ,the Pharmacokinetic properties of diclofenac are Absorption occurs through GI tract , Distribution occurs through systemic circulation , Metaboilism occurs through liver , Elimination occurs through urinary tract . it is a highly protein bound molecule . Drug tolerability can be evaluated by various parameters . Mainly depends on Lethal dose of the drug . During pregnancy conditions some of the concentration of the drug is observed in the breast milk of women .
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The main Adverse effects of the drug includes GI ulceration , renal damage, severe Hematological complications . it is mainly absorbed in during the first six months of the treatment. The main drug interaction of diclofenac occurs with the Antacids it delays the absorption of the drug . Diclofenac is mainly recommended in the treatment of Osteoarthritis , ankylosing spondylitis , inflammatory disorder of the eye and refractory Keratoplasty . And also in the treatment of backpain , frozen shoulder , period pain . It is mainly contraindicated in the patients who are sensitive to the NSAIDS and people those who are suffering with Asthma , Urticaria . Long term use in female patients leads to miscarriage and infertility . The common side effects are oedema and skin rash .
PRECAUTIONS
- Oral usage : By the oral route of administration the drug should be swallowed with a whole glass of water . it should not be chew or crunch . it can be administered with food or antacids .
- Gel : firstly the skin should be cleaned at the site of application . continuously keep on rubbing the gel at the affected area . the entire pain area should be covered with the gel properly .
- Eye drops : look upward , the lower eye lid should be pull down to form a pouch .the dropper should be kept exactly in to the eye , and the drops should be administered as prescribed by the physician .
References
- https: europepmc.org/abstract/med/26703967
- https://www.springer.com/article/10.2165/00003495/198835030-00004
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov./pubmed/3085490
- https://www.drugs.com/ingredient/diclofenac/html
- https: bnf.nice.org.uk/drug/diclofenac/-sodium.html
- Peter A. Todd and Eugene M. Sorkin , Drugs March 1988 , volume 35 , Issue 3 , pp 244-285
- https://www.webmed.com/drugs/2/drug-16268/diclofenac-eye/details
- https://www.webmed.com/drugs/2/drug-22221-1065/diclofenac sodium-topical/details
- K.D.Thripati,”Essentials of Medical pharmacology”, 5th Edition, Jayapee Brothers Medical Publishers (p) LTD, New Delhi,2003 , pp 145-260.
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Description Of Drug Diclofenac Sodium.
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