Would you believe me if I had told you that newborn babies actually have more bones than fully grown adults? Crazy, right? The human body and the many parts that make it up are extremely incredible. If one part or organ within the body fails it can also cause failure to many other parts within the body. Each part does what it needs, and works together with the other parts of the body to make a happy, healthy, human life. Every role from organ, bone, or organ system plays a very important role in a person's life. The anatomy of the human body includes bones, bone density, and the organ systems.
Furthermore, bones play a crucial role in the human body. A bone is a type of rigid, living, growing tissue made up of collagen. Collagen is the main protein found in the tissues within the human body and it provides a soft framework. Calcium phosphate is a mineral that adds a certain amount of strength and will harden the framework of the collagen, and allow the bones to be strong and flexible. Bones don’t only protect the organs of the body, but they also produce white and red blood cells, enable mobility, store minerals, and provide both structure and support for the body. A human adult has 206 bones within their body; 80 of them being in the axial skeleton, and the other 126 in the appendicular skeleton. There are five types of bones in the body, being, short, long, flat, irregular, and sesamoid. Short bones are mostly cube-shaped and consist mostly of spongy bone, being the bone in both the ankles and wrists. Long bones are a more compact type of bone and are sponge-like at the end. Long bones are the bones in the arms, legs, forearms, and thighs. Flat bones are just what they sound like, flat, thin, and most of the time curve. Irregular bones are a mix of long, short, and flat bones. The irregular bones are mostly spongy with a thin layer of compact bone on the outside, and the irregular bones are in the vertebrae and skull. Sesamoid bones are small, round bones embedded within the tendons, and are found in the hands, knees, and feet. The bones play a crucial role when it comes to protecting the body and its organs.
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Likewise, bone density is the number of bone minerals that a person has within their bone tissue. Bone density is measured from the mass of minerals per volume of bone. Bone density will be measured when trying to find a disease within the bones or see if your bones have a higher fracture risk than normal. A condition that is most commonly looked for when measuring bone density is osteoporosis or osteopenia. Osteoporosis is a condition that is caused by deteriorating bone and low bone mass, which cause fragility within the bones. Astronauts lose an average of 1-2% of bone mineral density each month they’re in space.
Moreover, the human body doesn’t revolve around only one organ system but actually revolves around them all pretty equally. There are a total of eleven major organ systems in the human body; including the integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, cardiovascular, endocrine, lymphatic, respiratory, urinary, digestive, and reproductive systems. All of the systems play a major role in keeping the body healthy and alive. The integumentary system includes the skin, nails, and hair. The major role of the integumentary system is to protect the inside of the body, including the skeleton and organs. The skeletal system is the literal backbone of the body, and completely gives the body its shape and overall movement. The skeletal system includes bones, teeth, and joints; the bones act as a protectant to the internal organs. The muscular system is made up of three different types of muscles, smooth, cardiac, and skeletal muscles. The muscular system does everything from controlling the regulation of body temperature, the beating of the heart, and allowing the overall voluntary movement of the body. The nervous system includes the brain, spinal cord, and nerves, which control both voluntary and involuntary responses within the body. The nerves make up the peripheral nervous system, and the brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous system. The cardiovascular system is more of a transportation system than anything. The cardiovascular system or the “circulatory system” allows for the transportation of oxygen into your lungs, carbon dioxide, and waste into your kidneys, to then filter out of your system, and also allows the pumping of blood from your heart to your blood vessels. The cardiovascular system is made up of the heart, blood, veins, arteries, and capillaries. The endocrine system is made up of a gland called the pituitary gland, and that gland allows hormones to be transported through the body for growth, metabolism, and sexual development. The lymphatic system is mostly made up of the spleen and lymph nodes. The lymphatic system removes debris and certain pathogens from the bloodstream. The respiratory system allows the delivery of oxygen into the blood and the removal of carbon dioxide from the body. The respiratory system includes the lungs, trachea, and nasal passages. The urinary system is made up of a pair of kidneys, two ureter tubes, and a urethra. The main role of the urinary system is to excrete urinary waste from your body. The digestive system includes many organs, being, as the mouth, stomach, esophagus, and small and large intestines. The digestive system moves food through the GI tract until it is ingested and the nutrients from the food are absorbed. The reproductive system includes the parts of both females and males, so the reproductive system will be different depending on gender. The main role of the reproductive system is to reproduce and make offspring.
Finally, the human body has so many parts to it, and each part has a specific job within the body. All of the parts find a way to work together and allow movement, growth, emotions, and overall allow life. The anatomy and some of the most important parts of the human body are bones, bone density, and the organ systems. The human body is completely incredible, and I have already learned so much about just within this first semester. I can’t wait to go into the second semester and learn even more about the body and what it can do.
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