The human body is the structure of the human being, and like the grey wolf it is composed of many different types of organ systems. Among all those organ systems the reproductive and respiratory system have very important roles. For example, the respiratory system is very important because it takes in carbon dioxide which converts into oxygen which helps us breath. The reproductive system role is to reproduce offspring and assure the survival of any species. The humans are considered mammals like the grey wolf. The gray wolf or Canis lupus as scientists call it is from the Animalia kingdom its family origin comes from the Canidae and has a genus named Canis Linnaeus. The species Canis lupus Linnaeus can be found in the northern hemisphere and has Eukarya domain. Humans created a pet out of the wolf and is used as a companion or emotional support friend. The human respiratory and reproductive system have many similarities to the grey wolf, both respiratory systems are required for humans and wolves to stay alive and the reproductive to ensure survival for their offspring.
Respiratory System
Anatomy
The respiratory system in humans and its anatomy consists of many organs all which are essential to keep the system functioning. The nose, nasal cavity, sinuses, mouth, throat, lungs, windpipe, voice box, diaphragm, bronchial tubes, bronchioles, air sacs, and capillaries are part of the respiratory systems anatomy. Therefore, the mouth and the nose function together when air goes into them. Then it goes directly to the back of the throat and makes use of the windpipe, which then converts into air passages creating bronchial tubes. All these organs help with the inhalation process and are made to sustain and keep humans alive.
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Physiology
The respiratory system works when the following stages and organs all get together to perform their daily jobs. One of the most important organs are the lungs. The lungs have to have open airways to free the inflammation or any swelling. The bronchial tubes have to pass through the lungs and form small bronchioles, then bronchioles go into a tiny balloon air sac called the alveoli. Human bodies produce about 600 million alveoli. Then the mesh of tiny blood vessels called the capillaries form a wall to protect the alveoli. At this stage when the oxygen has been pushed inside the blood passes directly to the heart and the heart pumps making all the cells, tissues, and organs. When the cells take the oxygen, it converts to carbon dioxide which goes into the blood. Finally, the blood transports the carbon dioxide to the back of your lungs, and then it's removed so your body can exhale.
Comparison
The grey wolf nervous system and the human respiratory system because they both have a spinal cord, brain and a cerebellum. They both contain a set of lungs, a diaphragm, trachea, and a nose. All of the organs in the respiratory system conduct the same functions in both organisms. Therefore, these organisms receive oxygen and breath through the nose and then they have the oxygen transported by the trachea to the lungs. Their mtDNA has been found to be connected to humans as well. Humans and greys wolf's respiratory systems do not have many differences and what is most important is that their functions are always responding properly to keep them alive.
Disorders
The respiratory system is really important for our bodies, but sometimes not all of us have the gift of having a healthy system. Therefore, sometimes the respiratory system is likely to have some disorders. These are some disorders related to the respiratory system; asthma, pulmonary disease, and pneumonia. Asthma is a disease that causes breathing problems and inflammation of breath in the airways. The symptoms that can affect people who have asthma are dry coughing, dry throat, chest tightness, and the feeling of little to no air. Wolves are related with outbreaks in other species as well. Furthermore, infections like chronic Sarcoptic mange infections. This causes an allergic, inflammatory reaction to which the wolves start to scratch and bite themselves, leading to hair loss, alopecia, and consequently heat loss.
Reproductive System
Anatomy
The organs that make up the reproductive system for the males are the vas deferens, bladder, colon, urethra epididymis, testicles, prostate, seminal vesicle and the penis. The males’ anatomy has internal and external structures. A short description of the males like the penis which has three parts to it: the root, which is connected to the wall of the abdomen, the shaft and the glans. The scrotum is a pouch of skin which hangs at the back of the penis, and carries the testicles that contain nerves and blood vessels. The testicles are the oval organs structured with a spermatic cord. Then lastly the epididymis which is a long tube located on the back of each testicle. These are the external structures of the male reproductive system. The female organs that make up the reproductive system are the labia majora, labia minora Bartholin’s gland, vagina, anus, urinary opening, clitoris, uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes. Therefore, the female reproductive system like the male also consists of internal and external organs. The female's external organs are the labia majora these enclose and protect the rest of the external genital organs, The labia minora are small and usually 2 inches wide. The Bartholin glands located in the vaginal opening and the clitoris is a small protrusion like the penis which becomes sensitive. The male and female reproductive systems and its organs perform reproduction and create life.
Physiology
The male reproductive system of a male works with hormones and chemicals. These hormones and chemicals help with the functions of the cells or organs. The follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and testosterone are reproduced by the pituitary gland found in the base of the brain. This is responsible for sperm or spermatogenesis, and testosterone. Testosterone is very important for the male reproductive system because it helps with the process of spermatogenesis. It helps obtain male characteristics such as muscle mass, fat distribution, bone mass, and sex drive. The female reproductive system is made to perform many different functions. The female has egg cells that are used for reproduction, named ova and oocytes. The female reproductive system transports the ova to be fertilized. The way it works is when the ovaries produce the egg cell once it is fertilized the sperm can transport itself to the egg. Then the egg follows the uterus, and the uterine lining thickness and responds to the hormones. Therefore, the reproductive systems for men and women work together for the purpose of sexual reproduction and is essential for sustaining a species.
Comparison
The Canis lupus evolution has helped himself and his pack survive till today. This just like humans we have expanded our population and helped each other survive. The Canis lupus does overproduce offspring because they are constantly mating and not only that but they protect their pack so no one is harmed (Myers). The counter effect of this is that the cubs that result weak are killed by the male Alpha parent. The reproductive strategy used that helps Canis lupus is traveling with their pack they often leave their mate and when they come back, they reproduce rapidly (Myers). The variations are the Canis lupus grey wolf, the Arctic wolf, the red wolf, the Indian wolf, the Himalaya wolf, the Ethiopian wolf and the eastern wolf (Myers). However, just like wolves, we humans also reproduce and have variations of different races and all different types of people.
Disorders
Many disorders that the reproductive system undergoes are many but these are only some linked to the human and wolf species. A common disease in the reproductive system that affects both men and women are STDs in many cases If a pregnant woman has an STD, it can cause serious health problems for the baby. STDs are caused by bacteria or parasites. In grey wolves, parasites also attach to wolves and cause this bacteria. An STD is a virus, meaning there is no cure, and can only be controlled with medication. That is why humans can prevent these diseases by using protection like latex condoms, which help reduce the risk. Unfortunately, it does not guarantee of catching or spreading STDs. The grey wolves are animals if they get sick, they can't use anything to prevent it, cure it or protect each other.
Integration
The reproductive system is dependent on the respiratory system because oxygen from the respiratory system helps the reproductive system in order to work and keep the cardiovascular system moving. This helps the reproductive system to complete and follow its daily functions as needed. Organs like the ovaries, penis, testicles, and vagina would not be able to work without the help of the respiratory system and the rest of the organs that connect the body of humans. The interaction they acquire with each other on matters like a disease perhaps AIDS this disease attacks the immune system. Therefore, then you can develop pneumonia which is a respiratory disease. Some helpful and some like diseases are not at all good but that still does not affect the fact that they need each other to keep our bodies alive.
Conclusion
Although the Canis lupus is an animal that relies on its physical body it is very smart and intelligent it’s fossil records and natural selection may seem a bit too aggressive and wild. These animals are beautiful and very respected. They are similar in many aspects of life to humans but specially in their reproductive and respiratory systems. They are very noble when it comes to family for the Canis lupus. A wolf pack is always first and the male leader of the pack protection is astonishing how they are overprotective and territorial which is similar to how humans are. The rest that are wild Canis lupus are left alone because they evolved and can’t be domesticated by humans because they start from cubs. These species and their human alike organ systems prove that the evolution of this animal might still be living here with humans for many more years and that we can relate to this particular species. The human respiratory and reproductive system have many similarities to the grey wolf, both respiratory systems are required for humans and wolves to stay alive and the reproductive to ensure survival for their offspring. The grey wolf and the human are connected not only externally but internally as well.
References
- National Science Foundation - Where Discoveries Begin. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=123314
- The Top 8 Respiratory Illnesses and Diseases (2018, March 1). Retrieved from https://www.unitypoint.org/homecare/article.aspx?id=2448b930-1451-43e4-8634-c0c16707c749
- Wolf Origins. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.wolfcountry.net/information/WolfOrigins.html
- Zimmermann, K. A. (2019, August 23). Respiratory System: Our Avenue for Gas Exchange. Retrieved from https://www.livescience.com/22616-respiratory-system.html
- https://www.macalester.edu/~montgomery/GrayWolfExtra.html
- http://web.a.ebscohost.com.libproxy.tstc.edu/ehost/detail/detail?vid=7&sid=7121061d-554f-4ae3-bfd0-b7b9046958d0%40sessionmgr4008&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=f6h&AN=3980444
- http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/static/home/library/pdfs/wildlife/research_pdfs/infectious_parasitic_diseases_gray_wolf.pdf
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