Water is an inorganic compound from two hydrogens and one oxygen atom, From the properties of the water it is colorless, odorless, and tasteless.
It is also named the “universal solvent” because it can easily dissolve many substances.
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Water is also the most essential liquid in our lives and in all other creatures as plants and animals, water also is the most known substance to exist in three forms (solid, liquid, gas) depending on the surrounding temperature (1).in this situation it is called phase change, a phase change occurs in water at certain temperature applying the change of water from liquid to solid O C or to gas at 100 C0and vice versa but the boiling or melting point does not depend only on the temperature it depends on the pressure too.
This relation can be expressed through Clausius–Clapeyron relation: .(2)and this diagram can show us specifically how temperature and pressure can affect the water:
As the various uses of water and the important rule in life. it covers a lot of space on earth as the water volume on earth is 1.386 × 109 cubic kilometers(3).
The most important uses of water are biological use as water is essentially important for plants to grow using the photosynthesis process and for drinking also the human body consists of 78% of water.
Water also has the means of life in it.in water lives all the sea, and ocean creatures and there are also some specific plants that are formed in water as algae .water is also used in agriculture which produces a lot of vegetables for animals and animals like cows, for example, make milk and cheese and a lot of raw materials which is eaten by humans so water also helps to maintain the “food chain”. Also in agriculture, we can make pieces of cotton which is used to make clothes that we wear . as for 1 kg of cotton to be made it needs 10.9 cubic meters of water. (5)nowadays, transportation and shipping worldwide are done by water so water now is considered a source of transportation. As all these uses and more of course from the modern problems is there is no sufficient water to cover all the human uses and as the popularity increases (8 billion human beings) it is difficult to supply all these people with pure water as for Egypt. It made a diagram expecting that there will be a shortage of water by 2025 :
We waste a lot of water in many useless processes such as car wash. washing clothes by wasting a lot of water, dishwashing, and bathing can be reduced to save water and control it.
There are many ways to avoid this shortage in Egypt or in any other country recycling rainwater, using underground water, recycling wastewater, and also seawater desalination. And by adding some water control concepts
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