A German philosopher, sociologist, economist and journalist, born on May 5th, 1818, Karl Marx was one of the nine sons of a man named Heinrich Marx and a woman named Henriette Presburg Marx. Heinrich Marx who was a successful lawyer wanted Karl to follow in his footsteps to become a lawyer. Karl studied at the University of Bonn in October of 1835 and later transferred to the University of Berlin. This was where he discovered that his passion and interests...
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Marxism is a political theory that was introduced to the world in 1848, through the publication of ‘The Communist Manifesto’. Marxism-Leninism, in contrast, is a strand of Marxism that was developed by Vladimir Lenin, who sought to adapt early twentieth century Russia to those until-then theoretical ideas of Marx and Engels. Discussed below will be a brief summary of what I feel are the most prominent differences between the two strands of thought. Before I begin, it is important to...
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According to Pipes, the economic policies Lenin imposed were not in the best interest of the Russian people, it was a façade in a way to implicitly have control over the people. Pipes states that the Bolsheviks “were revolutionaries not for the sake of improving the condition of the people but for the sake of gaining domination over the people and remaking them in their image”. Lenin tried to introduce state capitalism in 1917. However, Lenin’s period of economic trial...
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What I Already Knew/ What I Wanted to Know Haruki Murakami once said, “If you only read the books everyone else is reading, you can only think what everyone else is thinking”. Reading this quote caused a multitude of questions to arise in my mind regarding the effect words have on human behavior, belief systems, and the wildfire spread of ideologies. This quote was the source of inspiration for research that lasted a few weeks. I already knew that literature...
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Historical Essay Karl Heinrich Marx (1818-1883) Karl Heinrich Marx (May 5, 1818- March 14, 1883) was a German philosopher, economist, historian, sociologist, political theorist, journalist, and revolutionary socialist; born in Trier, Germany. Marx began studying Law and Philosophy at the University of Bonn then left and later studied at the University of Berlin where he took an interest in the German philosopher, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel as well as a group of Young Hegelians including Bruno Bauer and Ludwig Feuerbach....
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The Communist Manifesto The Communist Manifesto was written as a guide to the idea of Communism. Communism, to them, was the struggle of the working class under the ruling class. The two different classes mentioned within the document were the ruling bourgeoisie class, and the working proletariat class. The main point stressed within the document is that the bourgeoisie class is oppressive and takes advantage of the proletariat’s work. They also outline how they would like society to be set...
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The work of early philosophers has influenced the way society has adopted certain cultural practices, religious beliefs, and even political philosophies. Some of the influential philosophers from ancient history include Marx, Nietzsche’s and Freud. These three philosopher’s work has impacted the Asian region and Korean cultures, religion, moral thinking and values. Karl Marx was a philosopher from German, he was also an economist, journalist and revolutionary. Born from 1818-1883 he became one of the most influential figures in history through...
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From 1801-1917, Tsarist autocracy was the political system of the Russian empire; it stemmed from the idea that the Tsar’s had the divine right to rule, i.e. that the Tsars obtained power through God instead of through the consent of the Russian people. The system had been in place since the time of Peter I (1682-1725), who had removed the independence of princes and boyars but came to an end in 1917. The Tsar ruled by decree and appointed second-tier...
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Alexander II ascended to the throne with immediate problems from the Crimean War 1853 to 1856, it proposed that the lack of ability to seize territory would lead to economic strains as modernization would be difficult to achieve especially in the First World War as there would not be enough time to modernize. The secondary operations in the Caucasus in the Black Sea resulted in the Russian fleet being destroyed, suggesting the economy was struggling since the Treaty of Paris...
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The 1949 Revolution was a climatic ending on the discussion of who would control the Chinese government. The victory of the Chinese Communist Party of which was led by Mao Zedong in 1949, was a conclusion that positively impacted China altering its society to an advanced industrial and military superpower that had found its way on the worldwide stage. The outcome of the revolution was due to many factors but ultimately Mao was the key within the revolution being successful,...
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In this essay I will talk about Karl Marx’s view of capitalism as a whole, the role it plays in society, and the philosophical books he published which were composed for various purposes. The ‘Communist Manifesto’ expresses that he expected that capitalism will definitely obliterate itself, and he supports this by his other work ‘Das Kapital’, which is Marx’s analysis of why he believes it will crash. Within his work the ‘Communist Manifesto’, he claims that all the progressions inside...
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Russia’s nationalism and imperialism stemmed from historical events. The French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte commanded his strong army to begin attacks against Russia in June 1812. At the time of Russia’s attack, Napoleon was one of Europe’s most powerful political leaders and military commanders. He had become accustomed to defeating states whose rulers opposed his idea of controlling the European continent. His military proficiency created a war concept and period that were named after him. Russia’s Tzar Alexander I resisted Napoleon’s...
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Adam Smith dedicated a great majority of his book, ‘The Wealth of Nations’, explaining the idea of wealth and its importance and role on countries and how some of them develop more quickly than others. “In general, if any branch of trade, or any division of labour, be advantageous to the public, the freer and more general the competition, it will always be the more so” (Book II, Ch. II). The most successful countries in the world have governments that...
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Vladimir Lenin (1870 – 1924), Joseph Stalin (1878 – 1953), Nikita Khrushchev (1894– 1971), and Mikhail Gorbachev (b. 1931) are among the most important figures in the establishment and development of socialism as a major social, political, and economic system in the history of humanity. All of these men were instrumental in the history, progress, and the eventual demise of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), having played their roles in the events surrounding that nation at various points...
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The Industrial Revolution brought change in the economy and society to the world when it first started. The wealth gap between the owners and the workers because increasingly bigger as years went by. Socialism emerged as a response to inequalities associated with the growth of industrialism happening in Europe in the mid-20th century. It became an alternative to improve the lives of the working class and stressed public ownership of the means of production. Karl Marx was known was one...
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International relations is a discipline that involves the interactions between states. This discipline has especially become critical due to recent experiences with colonization and the two world wars in the first half of the nineteenth century. Even before these experiences, such interactions had not escaped thinkers who existed. Social philosophers such as Karl Marx delved on the subject of economics, a critical aspect of international relations, albeit out of the need to rectify what they thought were problems in government...
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