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Everything in the universe is made of plenty of different types of atoms such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and so on, but plenty of them do not have life; for example, they can be clothes, machines, papers, and so on. Even though they do not have life, they are very useful for human beings’ life, so we need to be grateful to them. In addition, to create an object, physical or chemical impacts between atoms or molecules need to occur. For living objects including human beings, there will be more interactions between atoms or molecules, and these interactions are more complex. In fact, the human beings’ body is a very complex structure with plenty of chemical reactions, and one of important factors in human beings’ body is gene which includes the existence of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
In the science article “Shaking Hands Could Transfer Your DNA- Leaving It on Things You Never Touched,” the author, Tina Hesman Saey, discusses how deoxyribonucleic acid can be transferred from an object to other objects and some examples about it. The author begins this article by saying that shaking hands is an action that deoxyribonucleic acid can be transferred from hands to other objects without touching them. Next, the article mentions about Cynthia Cale’s experiment. According to Cynthia Cale, who is a forensic scientist, shaking hands in two minutes could lead to deoxyribonucleic acid transfer, and this was her first experiment. The second experiment is that she reduced time from two minutes to ten seconds, and the result was the same. After she made these two experiments, she gave a permission to her team to practice with a knife, and the result was also the same. Besides Cynthia Cale’s experiments, the article mentions about Leann Rizor’s experiment. According to Leann Rizor, who is a forensic anthropologist, deoxyribonucleic acid cannot be left the most on an object, a pitcher, by the last person. She gave a permission to her students to practice with the cups and the pitcher, and the result was that deoxyribonucleic acid could be transferred in public easily. At last, the article mentions about Mechthild Prinz, who is a forensic geneticist, did not agree with these ideas. She said that someone’s deoxyribonucleic acid is rarely left on an object that he or she never touches because deoxyribonucleic acid will fade over time, and we should not apply this new technique in all cases. For solving crime cases, people need to use this technique carefully because some people may be charged with the crimes even though they are not the criminals. In conclusion, the article shows an example about careless investigation.
In the book “Genetics, Crime, and Justice,” the author, Debra Wilson, discusses how to find out the criminals by using genes and how genes and violent actions can be related to each other. At the beginning, the author mentions about the crime of two children, who have low monoamine oxidase-A (MAOA) gene, and why the time spent in prison for these two children is different, and these two children may use this gene to reduce their responsibilities for the crime. Next, the book shows that the use of deoxyribonucleic acid in criminal field is used in many areas in many countries widely. After that, the author mentions about “dragnet” investigations, and in this case, the police need to ask many people for providing their deoxyribonucleic acid to find out the criminals. If these people do not want to perform this activity, the police have the rights to suspected them even though they are innocent. In addition, the book also mentions about XYY symptoms in men. Even though the use of deoxyribonucleic acid can help the criminals reduce their responsibilities for the crimes, it can still make the criminals gain more crimes, so this is the event which has two sides: positive side and negative side. Summarily, this is the useful book for plenty of readers who consider to the law of medical and crime.
In the article and the book above, deoxyribonucleic acid is a factor that proves the existence of chemistry. The first reason is that deoxyribonucleic acid is made of atoms, and it exists in molecular form. Deoxyribonucleic acid molecules are big and very complex because they contain many atoms with different types of atoms such as hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, carbon, and nitrogen. In addition, these types of atoms link together to create some groups such as phosphate group, ribose sugar, and nitrogenous base. The existence of genes depends on deoxyribonucleic acid molecules. If a deoxyribonucleic acid is added or taken out an atom or more atoms, this molecule will become a different type of deoxyribonucleic acid molecule, so it leads to the existence of plenty of different genes. The second reason is that the movement of deoxyribonucleic acid molecules from an object to other objects including human beings. According to these two sources, there is a confirmation that the movement speed of the molecules is very fast. Based on these two reasons, there is the existence of chemistry in these two sources.
After I read these two sources, I can tell that they support each other because they mention about the movement of deoxyribonucleic acid molecules and the use of deoxyribonucleic acid in the crime investigations. In addition, they make me be interested in reading them because they provide some information that relate to a lesson that I will study in my chemistry class, and they can help me to reduce my fear because this science technique can help the police decrease time for finding out the criminals, so that they will not have more time to harm other people. In my opinion, the police who want to use this technique need to be careful because they may affect other people’s lives in a bad way, and for each case, they need to think carefully before they make the comments. Besides, the use of genes to reduce the criminals’ responsibilities should not be used for everyone. In the future, with the development of science and technology, I predict that there will be more new techniques that can give more accurate investigation results.
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