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Nowadays, Clone is a word that a new commonly used in many contexts all around the world, especially in the United States. Scientists have discovered a way to bring back extinct animals. Many people dream to extend life for their loved ones and being able to express the hidden feelings in their minds after their loved one has disappeared from their life. The idea is that humans might someday be cloned in the future, but there is some scientific concern about cloning that may change the world forever. Even though scientists have discovered a way to bring back human life by Cloning but it’s not 100% sure that the scientist will lead to successful cloning in the present and there are many disadvantages to cloning as well.
Many people have heard about cloning since Dolly the Sheep has shown up on the screen in 1996. The process of scientists that worked hard from 1996 - 2003, Dolly the sheep has become the first successfully cloned mammal in early 1996, at the Roslin Institute in Scotland. Dolly the sheep was cloned by Keith Campbell, a British cell biologist who helped usher into one of the most famous animals in creation (Margalit, 2012). Keith Campbell was born on May 23, 1954, in Birmingham, Unified Kingdom. He is a professor of animal development at the University of Nottingham who was a member of the first cloned mammal team in 1996. In November 1999, Keith Campbell has become a professor of Animal development at the University of Nottingham. At the age of 58 professors, Keith Campbell commits suicide by tying a belt around his neck and hanging himself from a ceiling beam in his bedroom. He died at the age of 58 on October 5, 2012. The process of Dolly the sheep contains a lot of process and time to succeed in this project. Dolly was created by the cells taken from the udder of a Finn Dorset ewe and placed in a culture with a very low concentration of nutrients, in this step the cells will stop dividing and switch off their active genes. Secondly, the egg cell is taken from a Scottish blackface ewe. The nucleus is sucked out, leaving an empty egg cell containing all the cellular machinery necessary to produce an embryo. Two cells are placed next to each other and an electric pulse causes them to fuse together like soap bubbles. After about six days, the resulting embryo is implanted in the uterus of another blackface ewe. After all the previous steps, the pregnant blackface ewe will give birth to a baby Finn Dorset lamb named Dolly (Jee, 1997). Presently, There are some questions from people around the world “Why do scientists clone?”. Nowadays, the main reason for cloning might include replacing lost or deceased family pets and repopulation of endangered or extinct species. Currently, the new cloning technologies have sparked many ethical debates among scientists, politicians, and the general public (Craig, 2019). The first study of cloning took place in 1885 when a German scientist Hans Adolf Eduard Driesch was able to create a set of twin salamanders by dividing an embryo according to the genetic science learning center. Since the experiment of Hans Driesch has reached success there have been many breakthroughs in cloning since then. Cloning can be useful for clinical trials and medical research in the future.
“Clone” is an exact genetic copy of an organism, that may be naturally occurring or created in the lab. Some people might have thought typically think of organism cloning, but actually, there are three types of cloning processes that were used in a lab which are Molecular cloning, Organism cloning, and therapeutic cloning. Firstly, Molecular cloning or also called gene cloning will focus on making identical copies of DNA molecules in the chromosomes. Secondly, Organism cloning or also called reproductive cloning will involve making an identical copy of an entire organism such as bacteria and some other plants create offspring that are genetic to the parent. Lastly, Therapeutic Cloning involves the production of stem cells by involving the cloning of human embryos, but in this process sometimes those embryos are eventually destroyed in this process. It’s true that cloning is a new scientific technology that develops our resources, but there are risks to cloning as well. There are some groups of people around the world that are interested in Cloning but some groups of people are concerned that cloning will upset the nature and the course of evolution. After the process of cloning Dolly the sheep by scientists in Scotland in 1996, several other mammals have been cloned, including dogs, cats, and pigs. Most people have a limited understanding as to what cloning actually is, some think that cloning was about creating a genetic copy of the animal species, but cloning is even more complicated. There are many Negative impacts of cloning that cause an animal to suffer loss or extinction of species, such as Dolly the sheep had a progressive lung disease and severe arthritis. Some people think that if there is a scientific error in the experiment of a scientist it may cause a huge problem for the entire planet, it may cause mutation among humans and organisms that can change the world.
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