In the vast expanse of short story literature, Ernest Hemingway’s “Hills Like White Elephants” emerges as a masterclass in the art of subtlety. The story captures the essence of a pivotal moment in the lives of two individuals. Hemingway’s signature minimalist approach and the iceberg theory – where much remains...
In the vast expanse of short story literature, Ernest Hemingway’s “Hills Like White Elephants” emerges as a masterclass in the art of subtlety. The story captures the essence of a pivotal moment in the lives of two individuals. Hemingway’s signature minimalist approach and the iceberg theory – where much remains beneath the surface – come to the fore in this narrative, making it a compelling study of the power of unsaid words.
Summary of the story
The narrative unfolds as a conversation between an American man and a young woman named Jig. On the surface, they discuss the surrounding landscape and drink beer and absinthe. However, beneath the casual banter lies a weighty discussion about an “operation” – hinted to be an abortion. While the American appears to be in favor, assuring Jig that it’s a simple procedure, it’s evident that Jig is conflicted. She oscillates between seeking reassurance and expressing doubt, making the decision’s gravity palpable. The story’s conclusion is deliberately ambiguous, leaving readers pondering the outcome of their conversation and the choices they might make.
Character analysis
- The American: The American in the story is portrayed as pragmatic and somewhat detached. He advocates for Jig to undergo the operation, presenting it as simple and inconsequential. His words imply that he wishes for their relationship to return to its carefree, uncommitted state.
- Jig: Jig, on the other hand, is a character of depth and complexity, mirroring the turmoil and conflict of the decision before her. She is torn between her desires and the apparent wishes of her partner. Her questions and responses to the American reflect a deep contemplation about the significance of the choice they are about to make and its irreversible impact on their lives and relationships.
Themes
- Communication and miscommunication: The story intricately explores communication dynamics, with the characters discussing their issues rather than directly addressing them. The strained and disjointed dialogue reflects the gap in their understanding and inability to communicate their fears and desires honestly.
- Choice and consequence: At the narrative’s core is a life-altering decision that the characters grapple with. The impending operation symbolizes change, potential loss, and the crossroads at which the couple finds themselves. It prompts readers to reflect on the complexity of choices and the ripple effects they generate.
- Identity and autonomy: “Hills Like White Elephants” subtly delves into personal identity and autonomy themes. While the American seems to advocate for freedom and maintaining their current lifestyle, Jig seems to be contemplating deeper aspects of her identity and desires, with the impending decision profoundly influencing who she is and who she might become.
Symbolism
The Landscape: Hemingway paints a vivid picture of the surroundings with symbolic significance. On one side of the station, the land is fertile and vibrant, while on the other, it’s barren and desolate. This contrasting landscape can be seen as a representation of Jig’s dilemma – the potential of life and growth versus emptiness and stagnation. The hills resembling white elephants further emphasize the looming, undeniable presence of the significant and unavoidable issue they discuss.
The White Elephants: The title, “Hills Like White Elephants,” is replete with symbolic undertones. White elephants are traditionally considered precious but burdensome, much like Jig’s situation. The baby, while a potential source of joy, is also a complication given the circumstances of their relationship.
Literary techniques
In “Hills Like White Elephants”, Hemingway’s narrative style is a masterclass in restraint and understatement.
- Dialogue: The primary vehicle for the story’s progression is dialogue. Hemingway expertly crafts a conversation that is both mundane in its everydayness and fraught with tension. Readers are invited to infer the deeper emotions and issues at play through what’s said and what’s left unsaid.
- The iceberg theory: Hemingway’s renowned iceberg theory, where only a fraction of the story’s content is visible on the surface, is evident here. Like an iceberg, the actual weight of the narrative lies beneath, in the unspoken words, pauses, and subtext.
- Ambiguity: Hemingway needs to provide clear resolutions. The story’s conclusion leaves readers with an uncertainty that mirrors the characters’ unresolved emotions and decisions, further amplifying the story’s emotional resonance.
Conclusion
“Hills Like White Elephants” is a testament to Ernest Hemingway’s unparalleled ability to convey profound emotion with utmost brevity. With every word and pause, he paints a vivid tapestry of human emotion, capturing the essence of a relationship at a crossroads. The story encourages introspection on the intricacies of communication, the weight of decisions, and the myriad paths that life might take based on choices made in fleeting moments. In a world increasingly filled with noise, Hemingway reminds readers of the significance of silence and the depth of unspoken words.
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