To maintain a healthy body one needs to just simply eat healthy, exercise, protect the skin from the sun, practice safe sex, don’t smoke or use tobacco and finally limit how much alcohol you drink. These are just the simple steps to prevent any sickness, but should be taken in consideration when in concern to when your body is sick. Although most believe a healthy body looks like a small skinny body, but that isn’t always the case. In fact a healthy body is seen as a healthy weight for one’s body—depending on the height and size of the person. Indications of being sick is a vital factor when taking in consideration of the health of your own body. These signs could be factors such as the body feels weak, a loss of appetite, always tired, nauseous, or your temperature is high. Although majority of the time your body is in Homeostasis which is the form of resistance to change in order to provide and maintain a stable and relatively constant internal environment.
Chlamydia bacteria is found to grow and live in the vaginal fluid and in semen. Chlamydia trachomatis is primarily a human pathogen that cannot grow outside of a living cell. Chlamydia trachomatis is a gram-negative bacteria, which is typically coccoid or rod-shaped which is surrounded by a rigid cell wall. This pathogen is bacterial, yet acts as if it was a virus—and needs a host cell to survive. The bacteria also multiplies within a different way, instead of duplicating itself it infects current healthy cells. This is because the bacteria has overtime evolved the ability to manipulate the host cells. This then is followed by chlamydia’s various protective means for the infected cells, keeping them from being destroyed by the host’s first line of defence.
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This disease is contracted through sexual fluids, any form of sexual activity—less likely through oral sex although. Symptoms that indicate that you may have chlamydia includes; pain in areas like the eyes, lower abdomen, pelvis, testicle or vagina—the pain can occur during sexual intercourse or during urination—abnormal discharge can also occur or vaginal bleeding during intercourse. (BBC, 2018)
Chlamydia’s first line of defence is the mucosal lining and establishing a productive infection. For females, although, the bacteria invades the cells that line the endocervix (the opening to the uterus).
Once the disease enters the mucosal lining and establishes a productive infection, it is the innate immune system that provides the next stage of defence against the bacteria. Also if pathogens are able to get past the first line of defence, for example, through a cut in your skin, an infection develops. Should the invaders get past the neutrophils, several things may happen. The macrophages (big eaters) will be attracted by the death throes of the neutrophils. These cells attempt to engulf the invader, but they also send signals to other cells for help. Upon entry, the chlamydia cell acts quickly before the white blood cell have enough time to destroy it. They do this so they can obtain the ability to take control of the cells faster and survive for longer. (Greene, 2004)
Overall for your body to be ‘cured’ of Chlamydia you must be prescribed antibiotics by a doctor. The body lacks the ability to kill the bacteria by itself as the infected cells are being controlled by the chlamydia cells, losing the ability to fight back on its own. Therefore in regard to chlamydia your body does not have a third line of defence and you can be killed if the correct procedures are not taken and you do not go to a doctor.
Within Australia Chlamydia is more so diagnosed within women, 80% of women being diagnosed yearly. This then produces a low amount for men being diagnosed, between 60-70% of men are diagnosed yearly. Yet chlamydia is the most frequently reported bacterial sexually transmitted infection in the United States. In 2017, 1,708,569 cases of chlamydia were reported to CDC. Chlamydia is an overall common disease between all races but it is more common to be found within women. Globally the disease infection rate is increasing as of the last 3 years, increasing 4.7%, and reports are saying that it will keep increasing. (S.Menon, 2005). Again there is no one socioeconomic types that are more likely to be infected with chlamydia, because everyone can be infected if they are not careful. Yet the treatment of the disease is affected by the socioeconomic types, as for more rural areas it is harder to obtain treatment if you don’t go to a bigger city.
There is an increase in the frequency of chlamydia antibodies occurring, which is associated towards the transmission of the disease which then plays onto how common the disease has become. This is has been further pushed through a recent study (EM, 1996). Chlamydia is transferred through sexual fluids, which can be any form of sexual contact but is least likely to be transferred through oral. It is also transferred to babies if one of their parents have chlamydia or did have the disease when the mother got pregnant.
The only specific way that this disease is combated although is through prescription antibiotics, the disease cannot be ratified naturally. Therefore the combat of the disease is not prevalent when the disease is identified and treated. This disease is common in all countries and is not specific to one area but is more easily contractible within rural areas. This is because it is harder to obtain treatment and to ratify chlamydia within your body. So chlamydia is most common within countries that don’t have access to proper healthcare.
When in relation to human behaviour surrounding the disease it is found embarrassing to have chlamydia. There is a stigma that if found to have the disease you are dirty and not to go near. Therefore the facts aren’t most commonly known as they should be, most people don’t know that if not treated or identified you can die because your body only has two lines of defence against the disease. Majority of the time as well people ignore these facts and disregard the importance because of how it may make you look to the public eye.
This disease has mostly always been treated in the same way, by being prescribed antibiotics, usually azithromycin (Zithromax) or doxycycline which are the most common to be in use which are given in 95% or cases (Crown, 2018). Other common antibiotics that are used is Amoxicillin, Erythromycin, and Levofloxacin or Ofloxacin. Most of these antibiotics are used depending on the situation, for example Amoxicillin is related to penicillin and is used in context for women who are planning to become pregnant and have allergies to other drugs—yet not a common treatment. Doxycycline is also a very sensitive drug and whoever is prescribed this drug should take extra care and stay out of the sunlight and wear sunscreen if you are on the medication. Erythromycin is only used on babies who have contracted the disease during birth by an infected mother. Finally Levofloxacin or Ofloxacin are antibiotics that women who want to have children should never have and used only for people who are resistant or allergic to other forms. Antibiotics has been the way to ‘cure’ the disease for so long because it’s the most effective way to ratify the disease within the body. To prevent/ treat the disease in the present day we can see more and more higher dosages being prescribed. This can be found because the chlamydia antibodies are growing resistant to the antibiotics in use. This occurs because the disease mutates with new generations to evolve to its current environment, it does this to survive.
Antibiotics are used because our body does not have a way to kill the disease by itself, it needs some form of help to disrupt the diseases cellular structure since it is a bacterial disease. Since antibiotics are the best way to disrupt and destroy the cell structure which is why doctors only prescribe this drug for majority of cases. Antibiotics work by affecting and destroying things that bacterial cells have but human cells don’t. Overall the steps taken are to fasten the treatment process since the antibiotics are majorly consumed orally and only in a small percent of cases are the antibiotics used as a cream such as with babies. The antibiotics are consumed orally specifically because it is absorbed faster and can enter the blood stream faster. The disease spreads between people as simple as sexual fluids or fluids in general, but majority of the time can only be transmitted through sex by having unprotected vaginal, anal or oral sex or onto a child if the mother is infected while giving birth. Cases of the disease being passed to another person orally is very slim since chlamydia needs to enter your blood stream to attach to your cells to become effective and to be able to duplicate. Women can get chlamydia in the cervix, rectum, or throat. Men can get chlamydia in the urethra (inside the penis), rectum, or throat.
Majorly what can be done is further information being presented as this disease is easily treatable when diagnosed. This would then be the most effective because there is already a said ‘cure’ towards this disease. Further things that could be achieved in the future to use antibiotics against chlamydia could just be inserting forms of antibiotics in protection—for example antibiotics in condoms (killing the bacteria before they can transfer into the other person’s body), antibiotics could be put into birth control, or finally the antibiotics could also be put into IUD’s and rods etc. If this could be achieved then the rate of infection would thus decrease because the bacteria’s cells would be killed before they enter the body and would disrupt the way the disease is transferred. Overall the cure should just become easily accessible to all, which would then produce a better chance to ratify the disease in general. This would then have a positive outcome on the body as the infection rates would drop, since the actual transfer of the disease is blocked and controlled. If this is then done the modern developments in the medicine and technology would further prove that it is the cause of decrease in the prevalence of infectious diseases worldwide.
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