Culture refers to the developed spiritual values as well as all materials created in the line of social development, including the tools engaged in creation as well as in the handing over of social values to the upcoming generations, showing the extent of people's authority and control based on their social and natural development. Culture is a term that diversifies in every community; hence, it is perceived differently in every community. Culture also interferes with people's perception of different phenomena, such as health, sickness, joy or happiness, and sadness, as well as the manner of experiencing these emotions.
Every community has a different cultural perception of the term health. The meaning of this term varies across various cultures; thus, it requires attention in involving the recognition of cultural values as well as cultural practices. The profession of nursing plays a vital role in the health sector in different communities based on their cultural beliefs. The patient's cultural beliefs, methods, and values are incorporated into holistic nursing care. Nursing aims to provide a compact as well as humanistic service that recognizes the cultural values as well as the lifestyles of the people. Nurses are required to provide affordable and acceptable healthcare to people based on their prevailing conditions. Therefore, nurses are expected to explore current ways of providing healthcare to different cultures based on multicultural societies by understanding the effects of culture on health illnesses. This enables them to establish a bridge for the existing spaces between the process of care as well as people based on different cultures.
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Healthcare behaviors of individuals, as well as their perceptions towards health, can't be separated from each other. Various types of healthcare behaviors include the primary disease, disability, injuries, or defects prevention, the second healthcare behavior is an asymptomatic disease, defect, or injury detection, the third type of healthcare behavior is enhancing the promotion of healthcare, wellness as well as the quality of life levels, and the last type healthcare behavior is protective behaviors suitable for ensuring safe environmental transactions. The communities which have tried to maintain their cultural behaviors for several decades have experienced this in their behavioral health, thus striving to find solutions to the problems about their health based on their artistic lives. Some of the healthcare behaviors are based on the foods they eat, methods used to cook, sleeping habits, patterns of dressing, methods used to treat diseases, residence as well as housing, disease perception, and finally, the modes of innovations acceptance. These healthcare behaviors vary depending on different cultures; thus, individuals are unable to act against their lifestyles.
Various challenges and barriers are facing transcultural healthcare. The humility of the cultural health professionals in identification, as well as meeting the client's healthcare needs from the marginalized groups based on the cross-cultural interactions, help them to persevere these challenges. Even though cultural competence has been incorporated into the educational curriculum for healthcare workers, studies indicate that cultural bias, as well as stereotypical views about people's health, are still being experienced in the workforce. This indication is essential since the individuals are most likely to lack some of the needs of psychological care. They are also isolated in-home care concerning their counterparts from the cultural mainstream.
Barriers to terminating these disparities in healthcare were identified in various studies from various nations. Recently, a comprehensive leadership healthcare study conducted in Australia indicated that cultural humility is a suitable attribute for all healthcare leaders at all levels. Linguistic assets can be used by the family as well as staff members to bridge the barriers to communication in healthcare homes (Leininger et al., 2017). There are different cultural backgrounds; thus, cultural staff, as well as linguistic assets, can be ranked systematically by assembling cultural opportunities to act as barrier brokers. The continued worldwide racial discriminations indicate that insensitive cultural barriers still exist. Despite the literature wealth, which shows the various global nursing challenges in dealing with patients based on multiple cultures, there is little information about those issues, as well as how those issues are practically addressed on a daily basis. The research does not fully explore the specific challenges faced by the nurses as well as the factors that influence their morale, behaviors, also practices when handling these challenges.
According to research, nurses use their experiences, such as referring to the likely challenges, which include language barriers in the exercise of caring for various cultures. Other researchers indicate that nurses make references to cultural differences, which leads to the emergence of fear among themselves in handling caring practices in those areas. For transcultural healthcare to be improved, cultural factors, as well as healthcare services, must be recognized. Another challenge and barrier to healthcare is the mass migration of people, especially young people from rural to urban centers, the act which has a direct impact on the nursing healthcare exercise (Ryan et al., 2015). The issue of poor roads among different communities, especially those linking homes to hospitals, leads to delays for patients to obtain care. Some of the outcomes of these challenges is that: comparing the healthcare behaviors between residents in different communities indicates that the gap between the check-up routines differs, whereby this factor contributes to some of the discussed challenges, health insurance status is essential for people to receive healthcare coverage cards, this is another outcome which has been identified, and finally, personal-reported overall health.
According to the general public, technology is suitable for the improvement of healthcare efficiency, healthcare cost, safety, as well as quality of healthcare. Some cultures believe that technology can lead to some health errors as well as adverse health events. In the modern world, the medical treatment devices used by different healthcare providers globally are inevitable technological device-related problems. There are some pitfalls that make some benefits of technology not to be realized. These pitfalls include: the unfortunate designation of technology that does not comply with ergonomic attributes as well as human factors, the second pitfall is a poor technological layout with patients, and finally insufficient plan suitable for implementing new technology. Therefore, technology is a good plan for improving healthcare outcomes as well as healthcare access.
In conclusion, this paper has assessed transcultural beliefs, which include language, preferences of dietary, and risky behavioral practices, among others. The article has further identified and discussed healthcare behaviors, barriers, and challenges to healthcare, as well as outcomes related to the difficulties presented. Finally, it has explored technology as an evidence-based plan that can be employed to improve the outcomes of healthcare as well as healthcare access. This topic is vast such that its content cannot be exhausted in this paper alone; therefore, further research on this topic can provide more information about this paper.
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