There are many types of pollution and each one has its cause and effects. Pollution caused by humans and naturally. The environment consists of many pollutants in the air and water. Each pollution has its own risks and it disrupts the balance in our ecosystem and affects the environment. It also causes illnesses, contamination and global warming and it is related to the growth of population (UKEssays, 2018). Among the types of pollution, I would like to describe air pollution and its causes, effects and control . The harmful toxic mix in the air and water leads to air pollution. Air pollution is mostly caused by transportation. Air Pollution is the contamination of pollutants such as harmful gases and smoke into the air that is harmful to human health and the environment. The composition of increase and decrease gases is harmful for people in the world (Air Pollution - Definition, Causes, Effects And Control, n.d.).
For example, our country Myanmar has been experiencing high air pollution in downtown since 2011. Yangon and Mandalay are experiencing growing density as the downtown population growth. In 2017, air pollution is estimated to have caused more than 45,000 deaths in Myanmar. Air pollution is higher in Myanmar than in other countries in the region. According to the World Health Organization's guidelines, the air quality in Myanmar is indicated as unsafe. Research on data indicates that Pyin Oo Lwin, Taungoo, Kyaukphyu, Namkham and Yenanchaung have high levels of air pollution (IAMAT, n.d.).
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There are many important causes of air pollution, they are: Burning of fossil fuels, Vehicles, Factories and industries, Mining and Domestic sources. And there are some effects of air pollution which includes: Diseases, Global warming, Acid rain and Ozone layer depletion. I would like to describe the general explanation of these facts on the next topic.
There are two major types of air pollutants which are outdoor air pollution and indoor air pollution. Outdoor air pollution is caused by vehicles and industries. In some countries, the burning of wood is another major source. Pollution can also be caused from industrial processes that involve dust or gases. Indoor air pollutants can also come to outdoor air pollution, and in populated areas, the contribution from indoor pollution sources can create high levels of outdoor air pollution. Another type of air pollution that can have consequences is radioactive pollution. Radioactive isotopes are emitted from the burning reactor and spread over large areas causing thousands of cases of thyroid cancer in children and many cancer cases in later decades (Kjellstrom et al., 2006).
There is one main question to be answered. How to avoid the air pollution? But then there are some general facts to avoid the air pollution which include reducing the use of vehicles, saving the energy and uses of clean energy resources.
In case, burning of fossil fuels are emitting a huge amount of sulphur dioxide. The incomplete burning of fossil fuels results in air pollution. Vehicles such as cars, buses, trucks, etc. emitting the gases which are major sources of results in diseases among individuals. Factories and industries are the main source of hydrocarbons and chemicals which are released into the air. And in the mining activity, the minerals are extracted by using the large equipment. The dust released during mining not only pollutes the air, but also gets worse the health of the workers in there and people living near in that area. And the last source of causes is the domestic sources. The household cleaning products contain chemicals and that are released into the air.
The smell from painted walls is the smell of the chemicals contained in that paint so it not only pollutes the air but also affects our breathing. And air pollution has resulted in respiratory and heart disorders. Most children who live near polluted areas are more able to lung cancer and asthma and also many people die every year due to the effects of air pollution. The emission of gases causes imbalance in the air and leads to global warming. The water droplets are combined with nitrogen oxide and sulphur dioxide, become acidic and fall as acid rain and this can impact humans, animals and plants.
To control air pollution, we should avoid using vehicles for short distance transportation. This not only prevents pollution, but also reduces energy. The second one is reducing the burning of fossil fuels. Electricity is generated from fossil fuels therefore, not to forget to turn off the electrical appliances no need to use. So we can save energy and pollution. But of course the use of solar, wind and thermal energy can reduce air pollution at a wide range. The use of these resources have been implemented as a step towards a cleaner environment in various countries (Air Pollution - Definition, Causes, Effects And Control, n.d.).
Over the last decades, ozone layer depletion has been the main concern of air pollution in Malaysia. But Malaysia evaluated the concern of this case based on monitoring stations on location. The growth population and rapid development proved that the negative impact to the air quality. In Malaysia, the ozone layer becomes the most significant air pollutant by increasing the sources of ozone precursors. Most studies have shown that ozone layer concentrations are predominantly related to regional factors and intensity (Awang et al., n.d.). The study evaluated the trend of ozone layer concentrations by monitoring stations in Malaysia.
The stations have been used through Malaysia. There are four stations which choose to describe the times series and each station was representing four different types of monitoring stations as categorized by the Department of Environmental, Malaysia. Monitoring station is located in Kajang, Selangor was selected to represent the urban station. Kajang station is surrounded by populated residential areas and congested roads. In 2010, there were about 506,526 people residing in Kajang and made one of the most heavily populated areas in Selangor (Awang et al., n.d.). The sub stations were located in the sub urban areas having less population than urban areas. Hourly ground level ozone concentrations were obtained from the Air Quality Division of the Department of Environment, Malaysia (DoE) using a UV Absorption Ozone Analyzer Model 400A which applied a system based on the Beer-Lambert Law (Awang et al., n.d.). Jerantut is only one of the background stations and Pejabat Kajicuaca Batu Embun, Jerantut, these stations were expected to have the effect of vehicles and industrial emissions.
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