Why Universe Is Flat?

Topics:	Universe
Words:	632
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All celestial objects like planets, stars, and moons are mostly spherical. As gravity squeezes objects towards its core, objects will try to form the most compact shape possible which is a sphere. This applies to single interstellar objects only but what about a group of objects like our solar system or any galaxy we find in outer space? From observation we know that our solar system is almost circular and most of the galaxies are spiral, so does this mean gravity doesn’t apply there?

Well whenever there is a piece of matter, it generates the gravitational field surrounding it. But when the mass difference between two objects is extremely large the bigger object will try to attract the smaller ones towards its surface thus making the smaller body a part of the bigger object. This is how the squeezing mechanism of gravity takes place. But when it comes to objects where the mass difference is not that extreme, the resultant force of attraction will be distributed between multiple objects. Which is why our moon doesn’t simply collapse into earth or earth doesn’t get lost into the sun. But that still doesn’t explain why our universe is flat?

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When bodies are extremely hot they will try to move in any direction possible, so ideally, all galaxies should be spherical. At the beginning of their life cycle galaxies were spherical but overtime when objects within the galaxies started colliding with each other they started losing most of their angular momentum. If you know a little bit of physics then angular momentum is the product of mass and velocity. So bigger the size and higher the velocity, the higher will be the resultant angular momentum of a body. In the early stages of the universe, everything was very extremely hot and highly unstable, and objects were moving in random directions and suddenly when gravity came in it started pushing objects close to each other. This led to a further increase in the probability of collision which played a huge role in forming today’s universe and if you want to know how it happened then let’s take a look at Newton’s laws of motion.

When any object is either in a state of rest or uniform motion it will continue to do so, unless and until an external imbalanced force is applied to it. And when objects collide, these external force causes bodies to either stop or slow down. As due to collision velocity of the object is reduced, the resultant angular momentum will also be decreased. Now let’s imagine there is an object A with higher angular momentum is moving in a horizontal direction concerning object B which is moving in vertical directions. And due to gravity object B will interject object A’s orbit resulting in a collision. And as discussed earlier this external imbalanced force is will cause both the objects to lose part of their angular momentum. Object A which was having higher momentum it will continue with its path but with a lowered velocity, whereas object B will completely lose its vertical component of angular momentum and it will start moving into the direction pushed by object A.

In the early stage of the universe, such collisions were very common which brought order into the motions of bodies we see today. This is the reason why objects in a galaxy or a solar system will start moving in one directional plane causing the universe to look like if it is flat. And when it comes to space there is no up or down directions hence some galaxies will be horizontally flat for the viewer whereas others could be vertically flat. The common thing in both of them is that they both are flat.

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