Introduction: The Hellenic and Hellenistic periods were two significant eras in ancient Greek history that left a lasting impact on Western civilization. The Hellenic period, characterized by the dominance of city-states and the ideals of classical Greece, was followed by the Hellenistic period, marked by the conquests of Alexander the Great and the spread of Greek influence across a vast territory. This critical essay aims to analyze and compare the differences between Hellenic and Hellenistic culture, focusing on their societal...
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Originally, Greece was not a country united under one ruler instead it was made up of several hundred poleis or city-states. Each polis was independent and had its political system. Athenian democracy developed around the 6th century in Athens one of the Greek city-states (Wikipedia, n.d). Around 800-500 BCE power and wealth in Athens were concentrated amongst the aristocratic class until the middle class demanded for political and economic rights (Brand, n.d.). In this system, all male Athenian citizens could...
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Introduction The Mauryan Empire in India and the Han Dynasty in China were two influential empires that flourished during ancient times. Although geographically distant, these empires shared similarities in their centralized administration and significant cultural and technological achievements. This essay aims to compare and contrast the Mauryan Empire and the Han Dynasty, focusing on their political structures, cultural developments, and legacies. Body Political Structures The Mauryan Empire, under the rule of Emperor Chandragupta Maurya (322 BCE - 298 BCE) and...
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Introduction The Tang and Song Dynasties were two influential periods in Chinese history that witnessed significant political, social, and cultural developments. While both dynasties made substantial contributions to Chinese civilization, they also had distinct characteristics and achievements. This essay aims to compare and contrast the Tang and Song Dynasties, highlighting their similarities and differences in terms of political structure, economic prosperity, cultural achievements, and their impact on China's history. Political Structure The Tang Dynasty (618-907 CE) and the Song Dynasty...
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The first ever civilization took place in Mesopotamia between the year 4000B.C.E. After this, river valley civilizations came the classical period (1000B.C.E- 450C.E) which was characterized by a set of great civilizations which constituted China, Persia, India, and Greeko-Roman (Mediterranean) civilizations. These 4 great civilizations did not function independently. They integrated and expanded their territories to cover up large portion of land. However, before we move into discussing this great civilization, and its inventions, it will be important for us...
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Mesopotamia, the world's biggest civilization, was the first to dwell in one location. They built numerous components of civilization and did not rely just on hunting animals and gathering plants for food since they knew how to produce and thus could store food for the winter. This enabled them to begin developing products and ideas to make their lives a bit easier. Since Mesopotamia's innovations and significant successes enabled succeeding generations to extend and utilize these accomplishments to make their...
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The ancient American civilization with the most tightly knit society and the greatest territorial extent, was developed by the Incas of South America. The Inca Empire began with the one small kingdom of Cusco in the mountains of Peru. It started expanding territory in 1438 to cover much in South America’s west coast. The Inca Empire did not last so long, from 1438, when the Inca ruler Pachacuti and his army began conquering land, until the Spaniards came in 1532....
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The Mycenaean civilization was discovered by Heinrich Schliemann and was the last phase of the Bronze Age in Greece. They were proven to be warlike and were ruled by a king. Their palaces presented proof of war with images of Mycenaeans fighting wild men decorating the walls. They borrowed the Minoans culture, art, and writing and were an agriculturally based palace culture. They didn’t leave much behind, there was no poetry, religious texts, fables, and no codes of law. So,...
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Qin Shi Huang was the first emperor of the Qin Dynasty who brought peace during the warfare between the Warring States of China, uniting China for the first time. The Qin Dynasty endorsed a system of Legalism which was basically a belief that all human beings are inherently selfish, and people are required to follow the stringent laws and be punished accordingly. The Qin Dynasty was indeed the shortest in all of dynasties in China, lasting only about fifteen years,...
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In this essay, I'll be talking about the meaning of warfare in ancient China and the way it led to the creation and innovation of weaponry and technology in every single dynasty, chronologically. Warfare in Ancient China meant gaining ascendency over other dynasties to extend border sizes, therefore the state can expand and protect its frontiers. Ancient China are often countermined into five dynasties: The Xia, The Shang, The Zhou, The Qin and therefore the Han. The Xia Dynasty The...
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The Great Wall of China is an eponymous collection of fortification that are over 2,700 years old. Unfortunately, only one third of the original landmark lingers. In 1987, the UNSCEO declared it a World Heritage Site. Around 220 BC, Emperor Qin Shi Huang, who yearned to keep the northern nomadic barbarians at bay, conceived the Wall. At the time, China was unified, so Qin, blessed with an abundance of space, demanded that a wall of 5,400 kilometers be assembled. It...
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