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The DNA Structure is important for determining the structure of protein.The DNA is located in the nucleus.The nucleus is an organelle found in cells. Inside its fully enclosed nuclear membrane, it contains the majority of the cell's genetic material. The purpose of DNA is that it controls and gives cells to our entire bodies.Such as: genes, lungs, fingers, skin, etc. DNA is shaped with double stranded DNA in which two strands intertwine to form a double helix Deoxyribose sugar, Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine are all parts of DNA.The parts that are connected in DNA are Adenine which bonds with Thymine, and Cytosine bonds with Guanine, and Deoxyribose sugar bonds with Phosphate.
Our body needs many copies of DNA. For example, when you cut yourself the cells in your body they start to reproduce and form a scad on your cut, which is made up of new cells.After, a while your scab starts to heal and form back into skin.Before a cell divides, its DNA is replicated (duplicated.)Cause the two strands of a DNA molecule have complementary base pairs, the nucleotide sequence of each strand automatically supplies the information needed to produce its partner. Enzymes is a substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.Enzymes are involved in DNA replication are Helicase (unwinds the DNA double helix), Gyrase (relieves the buildup of torque during unwinding), Primase (lays down RNA primers), DNA polymerase III (main DNA synthesis enzyme), DNA polymerase I (replaces RNA primers with DNA), Ligase (fills in the gaps).When a cells DNA is copied and/or replicate, two complete and identical sets of genetic information are produced. Then the cell division occurs. The first step in the cell division is when a DNA molecule unzips as nucleotide base pairs separate.Replication then starts. on both strands of the molecule at the same time.The second step, of the cell division is when each strand of DNA molecule is a template for a new strand. The floating nucleotides pair up with the exposed bases on each template strand.DNA polymerase then takes place and bonds the nucleotides together to form the new strands.Finally, two familiar double stranded DNA molecules result from replication.DNA replication is an original strand and a new strand.Enzymes are typically protein and they are required for life and serve a wide range of important functions in the body, such as aiding in digestion and metabolism.Repetitive regions at the very ends of chromosomes are called telomeres, and they're found in a wide range of eukaryotic species, from human beings to unicellular protists.
In order to get the DNA information out of the nucleus, it first needs to be transcribed to mRNA. In order to do that, first we have to find the definition of mRNA. mRNA is an intermediate message that is translated to/from a protein.Next, we have to find out how DNA and mRNA are similar and different. DNa and mRNA are similar because DNA includes the base thymine, whereas mRNA includes uracil, a very similar molecule.DNA is usually found bound to a support of DNA strand, which form the familiar double helix structure. DNA and mRNA are different because DNA is double-stranded while mRNA is single-stranded and DNA is present in the nucleus while mRNA diffuses into the cytoplasm after synthesis.mRNA is formed in the nucleus and then transported in the cytoplasm, which then attaches itself to the ribosomes.Then,we have to find out why DNA needs to be transcribed,transcription is to make an RNA copy of a gene's DNA sequence. For a protein-coding gene, the RNA copy, or transcript, carries the information needed to build a polypeptide (protein or protein subunit). One strand, the template strand serves as a template for synthesis of a complementary RNA transcript.Finally, we have to see how to get mRNA from DNA and by that we have to produce via transcription using a DNA template strand. Complementary RNA nucleotides will base-pair with the DNA nucleotides on the template strand. This base-pairing is similar to DNA base-pairing, except that RNA uses uracil in place of thymine.
Once the mRNA is in the cytoplasm it travels to the ribosomes in the cell cytoplasm, where protein synthesis occurs.Translation is the process of translating the sequence of the mRNA molecule to a sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis. Translation takes place in the different cellular selection: transcription takes place in the membrane-bounded nucleus, whereas translation takes place outside the nucleus in the cytoplasm.Some molecules involved are mRNA, ribosomes, and tRNA.The cell knows when to start translation in the mRNA when the ribosome assembles around the mRNA to be read and the first tRNA, carrying the amino acid methionine, which matches the start codon, AUG.
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