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Organization is defined as a cooperative social system that involves a coordinated effort on the part of many people who pursue the shared goal. In other words, the organization will work when people gather and officially agree to incorporate their efforts for a common objective. Communication can be defined as the process by which information is interchanged and comprehended by two or more people, usually with the aim of motivating or influencing behaviour. Organizational communications is one of the areas of human communication. It may happen within members of an organization where we call internal communication, or individuals or groups from outside an organization which is external communication. Internal communication occurs in up , down and horizontal communication. The communication channels in organization are face to face communication, teleconferencing, telephone and voice mail, written communication also internet and email. According to Shockly-Zalabak (2006:17), organizational communication is also considered to be messages. It is the exchange and creation of messages, which involves the movement and transmitting of both verbal and non-verbal behavior and the exchanging of information within the organization. Communication is very crucial to all of us in this world, and it has become our needs as we communicate every day. Human communication is very much needed as it helps to meet social needs, identity needs, practical needs, physical needs, offer help and play. There are eight characteristics of organizational communications which are management system, climate and organizational culture, communication network, decision making, conflict, power and politics, leaderships, organizational communication ethics and the last one is Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Organizational. All these characteristics are essential in order to manage any problems that may arise in the world.
There will be many issues or crises in this world every day, with varying degrees of seriousness. For example, the current issues of COVID-19 really have a major impact on the world as a whole. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus virus. A novel outbreak of coronavirus was first documented in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019. On 30 January, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. The World Health Organization (WHO) finally declared the outbreak of COVID-19 a pandemic on March 2020. As of 4 May 2020, more than 3,58 million cases of COVID-19 have been reported in more than 187 countries and regions, resulting in more than 251,000 deaths.
All the characteristics of the organizational communication referred to above are significant for the management of the world during this outbreak of COVID-19. One of the obvious characteristics that can be observed during this pandemic is the climate and organizational culture. Climate and organizational culture have a direct impact on organizational communication. Climate is a response to the values that exist within the organization. Organizational climate affects the behavior of its members on the basis of achievements that have been highlighted throughout the organization. Due to the influence and role of organizational citizens, the organizational climate is continually changing. Culture refers to the fundamental assumptions shared by members of the group during the problem-solving process. Culture is also influenced by the external influences and internal influences of the organization. Culture is a value, a norm and a practice that has long been firmly established within the organization. In brief, culture is a kind of practice or belief that has been firmly held by each and every employee in the organization. This characteristic of organizational communication can be apparently seen among society when most of the country around the world has enforced a restricted movement order. This situation really affects society because they have to start changing their daily routine.
Apart from that, leadership is also one of the characteristics of organizational communication. Leaders are the main role of the organization. Leadership is an act or role played by the leader in helping the members of the organization to succeed (Cragan & Wright, 1999). Effective leadership refers to the leadership qualities highlighted by the leader and the communication that is formed. The preferred leader is a visionary leader, who knows how to give the correct instructions, understands the subordinates and is easily approachable. It is difficult for an organization to be productively controlled without leaders. The relationship between this characteristic and the current issues of COVID-19 is how the heads of government or countries of each country in the world carry out their duties in order to stem the pandemic in their country. Good leadership will give the country a positive outcome.
Furthermore, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in organizational is also apparent characteristic as we live in a modern era of technology. Each organization uses ICT to facilitate and accelerate work within the organization. Technology is a design for an action aimed at reducing uncertainty in the context of cause and effect to achieve the stated goals (Rogers, 1995). ICT is a combination of computer technology, telecommunication technology and media (Bradley, 1998). It is capable of increasing productivity and strengthening the organization if it is used positively. The ICT that is often used in the organization is the internet, teleconference, teletext, fax, management information system (MIS), e-mail etc. There's many advantages of using ICT in organizations, such as more information can be processed , stored, transmitted and filtered quickly and cost-effectively, organizations can obtain information from a variety of sources across the country without time limits, interaction between workers becomes easier and often, and also enhance the competitiveness of all organizations and workers. This characteristic is very much related to the current issues of COVID-19, as most people in the world are now using ICT to receive current news. As a result, it has become an effective platform for us to spread important news and awareness among society.
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