Abstract
To combat juvenile delinquency, we must look at the people who are deeply affected by it the worst. The reasons why juvenile delinquency occurs in high-income areas are different from the reasons why juvenile delinquency occurs in low-income areas. The ways family, police and school handle those situations vary as well. So, if the reasons why re different and the way they are being handled are different, why would the solutions for combatting juvenile delinquency be the same? And why should we treat it the same?
Combatting Juvenile Delinquency
There are endless reasons as to why kids act out, each circumstance is different, but the central theme of home, school, and policing are factors in each circumstance. I believe in order to fully understand why kids act out and how to reduce delinquency we must look at low-income communities. Kids in those communities are more likely to act out and be put into the criminal justice system than kids in high-income communities.
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Family
As a parent your main job is to make sure your children have clothes on their backs, a roof over their heads, food on the table. What happens when you cannot provide those things? What happens when you are in a community where crime is already high and there is constant exposure to violence? What happens when your children turn to a life of crime to get ahead? “Poverty is a reoccurring factor in juvenile delinquency that is progressively getting worse in the United States. Youth living in poverty are pressured to survive in low socioeconomic communities that lack resources such as job opportunities, financial support, mental health services, medical services, education etc. The lack of resources in these communities impedes these youth from becoming successful in a society that favors those with money. Those without money are more likely lead down a path of crime” (Cuentas, 'Poverty: Key Factors Contributing to High Juvenile Delinquency Rates', 2018).
As kids our lives revolve around what’s trending, what’s going to get people to like me, what will make me look cool. Kids do not want to be told that they cannot afford the “nicer” things, and some can accept that, but others will do whatever they can to get what they want. The need to have nice things and impress others leads to robbery, theft, gang activity, murder, etc.
School
The 'school-to-jail pipeline,' an upsetting national pattern wherein kids are channeled out of government funded schools and into the adolescent and criminal equity frameworks. A large number of these kids have learning incapacities or accounts of destitution, misuse, or disregard, and would profit by extra instructive and advising administrations. Rather, they are detached, rebuffed, and pushed out. “Zero-tolerance” approaches condemn minor infractions of school rules, while cops in schools lead to understudies being condemned for conduct that ought to be dealt with inside the school. Understudies of shading are particularly defenseless against push-out patterns and the prejudicial use of control.
For most understudies, the pipeline starts with insufficient assets in state funded schools. Packed study halls, an absence of qualified instructors, and lacking financing for 'additional items, for example, guides, specialized curriculum benefits, and even reading material, lock understudies into below average instructive conditions. This inability to address instructive issues builds withdrawal and dropouts, expanding the danger of later court inclusion. Even more awful, schools may really urge dropouts in light of weights from test-based responsibility systems, for example, the No Child Left Behind Act, which make motivating forces to push out low-performing understudies to help magnify test scores.
In certain purviews, understudies who have been suspended or removed reserve no option to training by any means. In others, they are sent to disciplinary elective schools.
Developing in number the nation over, these shadow frameworks—here and there run by private, revenue driven organizations—are insusceptible from instructive responsibility principles, (for example, least study hall hours and educational program necessities) and may neglect to give significant instructive administrations to the understudies who need them the most.
Accordingly, battling understudies come back to their normal schools ill-equipped, are for all time secured in second rate instructive settings, or are piped through elective schools into the adolescent equity framework.
Policing
Numerous under-resourced schools become pipeline portals by putting expanded dependence on police instead of instructors and staff to look after order. Developing quantities of locale utilize school asset officials to watch school lobbies, regularly with next to zero preparing in working with youth. Thus, youngsters are undeniably bound to be liable to class-based captures—most of which are for peaceful offenses, for example, problematic conduct—than they were an age prior. The ascent in school-based captures, the quickest course from the study hall to the prison, most straightforwardly embodies the criminalization of younger students.
Youth who become associated with the adolescent equity framework are regularly denied procedural insurances in the courts; in one state, up to 80% of court-included youngsters don't have legal counselors. Students who submit minor offenses may wind up in verified confinement in the event that they damage standard probation conditions denying them from exercises like missing school or defying educators.
Understudies pushed along the pipeline wind up in adolescent confinement offices, a significant number of which give scarcely any, instructive administrations. Understudies of shading — who are definitely more probable than their white companions to be suspended, removed, or captured for a similar sort of lead at school— and those with incapacities are especially prone to go down this pipeline.
In spite of the fact that numerous understudies are moved down the pipeline from school to prison, it is hard for them to make the voyage backward. Understudies who enter the adolescent equity framework face numerous obstructions to their reemergence into customary schools. By far most of these understudies never move on from secondary school.
Ways to Combat Juvenile Delinquency
The best method to avoid adolescent misconduct has unquestionably been to help kids and their families from the get-go. Various state programs endeavor early mediation, and government subsidizing for network activities has enabled autonomous gatherings to handle the issue in new manners. The best projects for adolescent misconduct counteractive action share the accompanying key segments:
Education:
Model projects have helped families and kids by furnishing them with data. A few projects advise guardians on the best way to bring up sound kids; some show youngsters the impacts of medications, groups, sex, and weapons; and others plan to express to youth the inborn worth they and all others have. These projects furnish young people with the mindfulness that their activities have outcomes. This is especially significant in a time where youth are blasted with sexual and brutal pictures. Instructive projects have the basic aim of empowering expectation and opening up open doors for youngsters.
Recreation:
One of the prompt advantages of recreational exercises is that they fill solo after-school hours. The Department of Education has detailed that young people are well on the way to carry out wrongdoings between 2 p.m.-8 p.m., with wrongdoing rates topping at 3 p.m. Entertainment programs enable adolescents to associate with different grown-ups and kids in the network. Such positive companionships may help kids in later years. Youth programs are intended to fit the characters and abilities of various kids and may incorporate games, moving, music, rock climbing, dramatization, karate, bowling, craftsmanship, and different exercises.
Community Involvement:
Young lady scouts, cub scouts, church youth gatherings, and volunteer gatherings all include youth inside a network. Contribution in local gatherings furnish youth with a chance to interface in a protected social condition.
Parent Training Program:
The 'Parent-Child Integration Training Program' takes parents and their kids around 12 weeks to finish. It is intended to instruct child rearing abilities to guardians of youngsters ages two to seven who display major conduct issues. The program places guardians and kids in intelligent circumstances. A specialist controls the guardians, teaching them on how best to react to their youngster's conduct, regardless of whether positive or negative. The program has been appeared to diminish hyperactivity, consideration deficiency, hostility, and on edge conduct in kids.
Bullying Prevention:
The Bullying Prevention Program is instituted in rudimentary and middle school settings. An unknown understudy survey fills educators and heads in regarding who is doing the tormenting, which children are most every now and again misled, and where harassing happens on grounds. When educators and chairmen have found out about how and where tormenting happens at their school, they set up class decides and encourage exchanges that address the issue. Singular harassers and unfortunate casualties get free directing. The program prevails with regards to making a more secure, less antagonistic condition for understudies at negligible expense.
There are also preventive techniques that take place after kids have been put through the system to further prevent them from committing delinquent acts once they are released, such as The Nebraska Correctional Youth Facility’s Project Heart Program. The Project Heart Program is a program where prisoners who have met certain behavioral and educational requirements train a pet dog. The dogs that they train are considered incapable of being adopted due to behavioral problems. After a qualification the inmates are given a dog for a short period of time and must care the dog. They can bring them to class and activities. After training the dog there is an Award ceremony called the, “Good Canine Citizen Awards”, then they are set up for adoption through Nebraska’s Human Society. After adoption inmates can talk to the families that adopted their dog to get updates and inform them on the dogs training.
References
- Cuentas, A. (2018, May 3). Poverty: Key Factors Contributing to High Juvenile Delinquency Rates. Retrieved December 11, 2019, from https://medium.com/soci100wsp18/poverty-key-factors-contributing-to-high-juvenile-delinquency-rates-31f9aebc44e8.
- School-to-Prison Pipeline. (n.d.). Retrieved December 11, 2019, from https://www.aclu.org/issues/juvenile-justice/school-prison-pipeline.
- Juvenile Delinquency Prevention. (n.d.). Retrieved December 11, 2019, from https://www.impactlaw.com/criminal-law/juvenile/prevention.
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