Multi-enzyme feed is a type of biological feed. This kind of feed is rich in a variety of feed enzymes, which can eliminate the anti-nutritional components in feed ingredients to a certain extent or play a supplementary role in animal endogenous enzymes. Therefore, it is beneficial to improve the quality of the existing feed and increase the utilization rate of the feed. Based on the relevant data at home and abroad, we reviewed the types and functions of common feed enzymes, as well as the research and development process, existing problems and research status of multi-enzyme biological feed, and made a prospect for the development of multi-enzyme biological feed.
By 2020, feed grain is expected to reach 298 million tons, which will replace rations to account for the largest share of food use. The current situation of human and livestock competition for food is one of the severe challenges that many countries in the world are facing. Therefore, it is imperative to develop new feed and improve the level of feed utilization. Multi-enzyme biological feed is a kind of feed that is enriched with various enzymes through biotechnology. Compared with ordinary feed, the enzymes contained in it can eliminate the anti-nutritional components or Endogenous enzymes play a complementary role, thereby increasing the level of feed utilization to a certain extent.
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Research on feed enzymes and application effects
Feed enzyme preparations can be roughly divided into two categories: non-digestive enzymes and exogenous digestive enzymes. Non-digestive enzymes are enzymes that animals cannot secrete into the digestive tract. This kind of enzyme can digest animal indigestible substances or degrade some anti-nutritional factors, including cellulase, xylanase, β-glucanase, phytase and pectinase. Exogenous digestive enzymes refer to digestive enzymes added by technical means. These enzymes can be secreted by animals themselves, such as amylases, proteases, and lipases.
Research on the preparation process of multi-enzyme feed
There are two main processes for preparing multi-enzyme feed:
- Enzymatic method, which is to prepare multi-enzyme feed by adding ready-made feed enzymes, this method is more common;
- Fermentation, that is, the preparation of multi-enzyme feed by microbial fermentation to produce enzymes. The preparation of multi-enzyme feed by combining the enzymatic hydrolysis of additional enzymes and the fermentation of microorganisms is also classified as a type of fermentation.
Enzymatic method
The process of adding multi-enzyme biological feed by adding enzyme method is simple and is currently a relatively common method. For the selection of enzyme preparations, it is not a simple compounding, but an organic combination based on different feed raw materials and the characteristics of enzyme types. For example, the feed enzymes used in soybean meal feed are mainly α-galactosidase, and enzymes such as xylanase need to be added; while barley feed is mainly β-glucanase.
Fermentation
The multi-enzyme biological feed prepared by the fermentation method belongs to a kind of fermented biological feed. Using microorganisms to produce enzymes can not only obtain a variety of feed enzymes, which can improve the quality of feed and improve the utilization rate. It can also adjust the micro-ecological balance in animals to achieve the effects of promoting immunity and enhancing body functions.
Outlook
The development of multi-enzyme biological feed can not only improve the utilization efficiency of existing feeds, but also expand the range of available feed materials, and provide new ways for the development and utilization of new feed materials. At the same time, it is of great significance to promote the development of aquaculture. At present, there are still many problems in the development of multi-enzyme biological feed. In the future, it is necessary to do more research and increase investment in the protection and improvement of enzyme activity, the selection of enzymes and raw materials, the adaptability of the digestive tract of poultry and livestock, the coordination of mixed bacteria fermentation, and the probiotics of bacteria. Get more groundbreaking solutions. Multi-enzyme biological feed is an unquestionable development direction in the field of feed development. It is believed that there will be more types and more functions of multi-enzyme biological feed being successfully developed.
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