Introduction
Mongolia is a country in East Asia, known as nomadic. The population of Mongolia is around 3.4 million, but 70% of them live in a city while 50% of them live in a capital city, Ulaanbaatar. Therefore, only 30 % of people in Mongolia live in nomadic life which means western city lifestyle is growing in Mongolia. Mongolia is neighbor with Russia /north/, and China /south/. Mongolia has spent around 300 years under Chinese control. After the 1921 revolution, Mongolia declared independence from China and came under the control of the Soviet Union /Russia/. From 1989 anti-communist revolution came up then in 1990 Mongolia became a democratic country. Although Mongolia is a democratic country; there is still communist cultures are dominating. In terms of religion, 53% of the population are Buddhist. In fact, in the research of 2003, 25 % of the population was atheist but in 2010, it is increased to 41%. Those events, revolutions, religion changes, and other elements affect Mongolian culture and communication.
The United States of America, on the other hand, is a big country with a large population. The western culture is widespread in the United States of America even have a multicultural background. Through its history, the United States of America has a large scale of migration from many countries so that now have a diverse cultural background. The largest religion in The United States of America is Christianity /73.7 %/ and 18.2% of the population have no religion. The USA is a totally different country than my own country. Thus, it has been an interesting situation to know about the communication and culture of a country that is so distinct from my country. Moreover, I can learn a lot from the analysis by using Hofstede 6D taxonomy.
Individualism
America - 91
Mongolia – 71
Everyone knows Americans only focus on themselves. American are thought to be individualists, stimulated by what is good for them personally, and self-reliant and independent. The movie is one of the distributers of culture. I did not live with Americans, personally, but I have noticed American’s culture more than once from the movies. For instance, when the children reach 18 years old, they make their own decision without relying on others. In Mongolia, however, children became adult, their family influence on their decision somehow. In terms of the divorce of family, there is a big difference in the decision between individualistic country versus collectivist country. In the collectivist country, even though they want to divorce, they cannot divorce because they feel sorry about their children. They accept the situation and do not think about themselves. But in the individualistic country, like America, it seems like no big deal. Although the future of the children is important, also it is primary for individuals to live their lives as an individual.
According to Purdue University research, Mongolia is a 71 on the individualism-collectivism scale, meaning it increases slightly more toward individualism than collectivism (Rarick, et al., 2014). However, the communist society replaced, the collectivist character still exists. Elders are collectivist because they lived in a communist society. Nowadays, the young generation began to become the more individualistic cause of the impact of materialistic and industrialized society. There was no private ownership in the communist society. Their motto was “One for all, all for one.” As a result of democracy, individualism has been increasing from when private ownership came up.
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Uncertainty avoidance
America – 46
Mongolia – 92
According to the Uncertainty Avoidance Index posted by Geert Hofstede in his website USA scored 46 which is quite low. The lower Uncertainty Avoidance Index in USA compared to Mongolia /92/ revealed that Mongolian are generally more tolerant to risk and uncertainty. Mongolia and the United States are far more distant on this index. Mongolians tend to mention things in general. On the contrary, Americans prefer to be very clear and specific; they do not tolerate uncertainty. In fact, during the tour to Terelj, Mongolian students asked from teacher “When will we back?” teacher said “Tomorrow morning”. Mongolian students went to their ger /yurt/ without other questions but American students asked teacher from “What time?”. On the other hand, the schedule is important so that everything must be planned and prepared on time. In contrast, uncertainty in Mongolia is a normal phenomenon. Therefore, Mongolians have high ability to adapt to new challenges and take the risk. When it comes to facing unclear situations Mongolian are more comfortable than lower uncertainty country. Americans are honest tells about what they think and what they feel. Mongolians usually hide their emotions in order to not hurt other’s feelings. In summary, America and Mongolia are totally different country for the reasons mentioned previously.
Power distance
America - 40
Mongolia - 18
Power distance is the degree to which members of a society expect power to be unequally shared. Low PDI scores suggest that greater power sharing in the workplace has the potential for positive organizational outcomes. The data indicate that Mongolians are low in power distance with a PDI score of 18. This low score suggests a preference for equality among societal members.
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