Meteorology as a branch of Earth science has a multitude of categories in which scientists research, but a simplified definition would describe meteorology as the scientific study of the atmosphere that focuses on weather processes and forecasting. According to Nationalgeographic.org, use scientific principles to observe, explain, and forecast our weather. Research can vary from climate modeling, remote sensing, air quality, atmospheric physics, and climate change, but the focus is normally on atmospheric research or operational weather forecasting. To research, meteorologists...
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A couple of days to millions of years, this process takes time. In this essay I am going to focus on the rock cycle, how it helped create the Karlu Karlu rock formation (the Devil’s Marbles), and how indigenous Australians use rocks and minerals in their everyday lives. Rocks are the hard substances that make up the Earth and are classified into three main groups: igneous (granite, pumice, basalt), sedimentary (limestone, chalk, sandstone), and metamorphic (marble and slate). The classification...
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For centuries, geological research has been crucial to answering various questions in archaeology. Therefore, archaeologists not only rely on the discipline of geology but also have proven its usefulness in various archaeological investigations. The extreme was reached in 1976 when Colin Renfrew first used the term ‘archaeological geology’ to describe the contribution of geological sciences to geology (Norman and Evan, 1998: 20). In order to emphasize the importance of geology in archaeological work, the Geological Society of America (GSA) established...
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This report details the geology in the northeast of England by analyzing geological events that determined the present-day rock and drift composition, with a particular focus on the Carboniferous onwards. The impact of rock and drift geology on slope stability and methods to improve stability has also been discussed. The Carboniferous is defined by two phases of deposition, forming the Yoredale Group and Pennine Coal Measures Group, and a period of uplift. In the early Carboniferous, Britain was located at...
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The study of geography has not been described as such until relatively recently. Despite Ptolemy’s ‘Geographia’ being written millennia ago, it was not translated until the 15th century. The various disciplines considered to comprise what is considered modern geography (cartography, geology, anthropology, etc.) were still not labeled ‘geography’ until colonial times when explorers would set out to study and supposedly ‘discover’ new land. This means that the history of geography under that term is not expansive, and even if stretched...
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Geography is considered to be science because it uses the scientific method, and because of the modernization gadget related to science such as anemometer, remote sensing, global positioning, compass, hydrometer, and pressure sensor would not have existed today without geography. Geography can be categorized into two parts: physical geography and human geography. Physical geography mainly deals with the Earth. Its main objective is to understand about the atmosphere, geomorphology, soil geography, geology, oceanography, climatology, flora, and fauna. This branch is...
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Geography is a subset of Earth science one of the natural sciences along with biology, chemistry, and genetics. It studies both physical and cultural features, such as land features, inhabitants, and phenomena of the Earth and planets. Geography has been called a world discipline and a bridge between the human and physical sciences. Alexander Von Humboldt, a German traveler, scientist and geographer from 1769-1859, is commonly known as the father of modern geography and other geographers came to conclude that...
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‘Earth system’ is a term that articulates how the Earth functions as a whole, that is, how each subsystem of the Earth is integrated and interdependent upon the other subsystems of the Earth. Another way of communicating this concept is to point out that every physical, scientific action displayed on the Earth, causes physical reactions within the other aspects of science on the Earth. We call the whole of these physical actions and reactions ‘Earth system science’. The reason that...
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Charles Lapworth quoted: “All that comes above the surface lies within the province of geography; all that comes below that surface lies inside the realm of geology”. Geology is the study of the Earth, its components, the composition of those materials, and the influence of natural forces on those materials. A basic understanding of geology is so necessary that it is required in civil engineering programs at the university level. One of the most important subjects for civil engineers to...
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