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Utilitarian reasoning is applied in various aspects of human life. A typical human life consists of 5 aspects: the work, health, learning, social, and spiritual levels of existence. It is often used both for moral reasoning and for any kind of rational decision-making. Additionally applied in several contexts, it can even be used for deliberations about the interests of various persons and groups.
Speaking of the work aspect of life, utilitarianism within the workplace focuses on ethics, democracy, rights, and responsibilities within the working environment. The thought of this idea is that if one conducts oneself properly at work, then he or she is going to be ready to achieve professional happiness. By making morally correct decisions, one’s happiness will increase. However, if one chooses to make morally wrong decisions, although it should be legal, one’s happiness will decrease. People are taught to concentrate on themselves before others, making it difficult to practice utilitarianism. One example of utilitarianism in the workplace is the practice of getting tiered pricing for a product or service to differing types of consumers. For instance, the airline industry offers first-class, business-class, and economy-class seats on many of their airplanes. Customers who fly in first or business class pay a way higher rate than those in economy seats, but they also get more amenities. However, the higher prices paid for first class or business seats help to ease the airline’s financial burden created by making room for economy class seats. In line with utilitarianism, the simplest action is the one that ends up in a greater amount of happiness for a greater number of individuals. In this case, it doesn't maximize the happiness of a larger group of society who fly in economy class. The prominent limitation of utilitarianism is that it's difficult to attain within the workplace.
The health aspect of life is one’s physical health. As applicable to health care ethics, utilitarian considerations became fairly standard procedure for giant percentages of health care professionals over the past several generations. It's not in the least uncommon for decisions to be made, by health care professionals in any respect levels of health care, on the premise of what's within the best interest of a selected collectivity of patients. Taking the present outbreak of Coronavirus (COVID-19) disease which is an infectious, potentially fatal disease, respective authorities in each country conceive to quarantine many people within the geographic region during which the outbreak occurred and mandate that healthcare professionals across the country diagnose patients with this same disease must not only take similar measures but also must report the names and other personal information of the affected patients to the respective authorities. These decisions are, themselves, decisions of ethical decision-making, and these decisions raise additional moral issues. At any rate, the elemental reason for taking such measures, under the desired circumstances, is for the protection of the health of the citizens in those areas where the outbreaks occurred, but, ultimately, such measures are taken for the protection of the health of citizens in respective countries generally, that is, to promote social utility. In this case, because utilitarian reasoning is being applied to a decision about which action is best for a personal person, it focuses only on how the varied choices will affect this single person.
The learning aspect of life is one’s personal development. It may be said as the mental aspect of which is one’s intellect, ability to think and reason. Developing the mental level of our being allows us to think, and remain open-minded, yet discern intelligently. For example, if an individual saves someone from drowning, it's generally regarded as saving a drowning person because the right thing to do, and praise the person for such action. However, the person saved from drowning seems to be potentate like Adolf Hitler. If only Hitler had drowned, immeasurable people may have been saved from suffering and death. If utilitarianism evaluates the rescuer’s action as supported by its actual consequences, then the rescuer did the incorrect thing. If, however, utilitarians judge the rescuer’s action by its foreseeable consequences, then the rescuer did the proper thing because the rescuer couldn't predict the negative effects of saving the person from drowning. It seems unfair to mention that the rescuer did the incorrect thing because the rescuer couldn't foresee the longer-term bad effects of saving the drowning person.
The social aspect of life is one’s relationships with others. Developing the emotional level of our being allows us to feel the complete range of the human experience, with the five senses, and find fulfillment in our relationships with ourselves and every other. In this context, people often have to judge what's best, not just for themselves or other individuals, but also what's best for groups, like friends, families, religious groups, one’s country, etc. Bentham and other utilitarians’ method for determining the well-being of a bunch involved adding up the advantages and losses that members of the group would experience as a result of adopting one action or policy. The well-being of the group is solely the accumulation of the interests of all of its members. For example, if one is buying frozen dessert for a celebration 20 people will attend. The sole flavor options are chocolate and vanilla. As a utilitarian, one should choose the flavor that will end in the foremost pleasure for the group as a full. If thirteen of them like chocolate and seven of them like vanilla and if all of them get an identical amount of delight from the flavor they like, then one must choose chocolate. In this case, the person who’s buying the frozen dessert should choose chocolate whether or not he or she is one of the seven folks who enjoy vanilla over chocolate. The utilitarian method requires you to count everyone’s interests equally. Applying utilitarian theory in making decisions in social contexts might not weigh some people’s interests including one’s interests more heavily than others.
The spiritual aspect of life is one’s relationship with the greater power. Spirituality is the aspect of humanity that refers to the way individuals seek and express meaning and purpose and also the way they experience their connectedness to the instant, to self, to others, to nature, and the numerous or sacred. Developing our awareness of the spiritual level of our being allows us to experience a sense of belonging within the universe, a deeper meaning and purpose in our lives, and a broader perspective than we've got from our personality alone. The spiritual level provides a foundation for the events of the opposite levels. For example, if there's a train coming towards a bunch of five people being tied to the railway track and someone is standing near the lever to make the train move onto a distinct path towards himself or herself. A utilitarian would pull the lever so that the train to head in the person’s direction. In this case, losing one life creates a greater amount of happiness than losing five lives. In keeping with utilitarianism, the simplest action is that the one that ends up in the best amount of happiness for the best number of individuals.
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