Essay on Bioethics and Positives and Negatives of Bioengineering

Introduction:

There are many advantages and disadvantages when it comes to genetically engineering a baby. There are also reasons why people would want to genetically engineer a baby. In the movie ‘My Sister’s Keeper’, a couple used genetic engineering to prevent their daughter from being taken away by cancer. Although, they got these body parts from the baby they made and the problem with that is if they continue taking body parts from her, then she will soon die while the daughter with cancer lives longer than her. In this essay, I will talk about what is genetic engineering and its process of it, what bioethics is, and the positives and negatives of bioengineering.

What is Genetic Engineering?

Genetic engineering is the genetic modification or sterilization of the genetic makeup of an Associate in a Nursing organism. This has been used for thousands of years by bound breeds of animals and plants. With gene-splicing, you'll be able to amend a combination of genes, delete an entire region of deoxyribonucleic acid or introduce an additional copy of a factor. It is accustomed to enhance or amend the characteristics of an Associate in Nursing organism. Genetic engineering is used on any organism starting from a plague to a sheep. Genetic engineering is accustomed turn out plants that have the next nutritionary worse than alternative plants or will handle being exposed to herbicides.

The follow of medical specialty engineering has a long history. One of the earliest examples may be a wood and animal skin prosthetic toe found on a 3,000-year-old Egyptian mummy. Before that, even straightforward crutches and walking sticks were sort of designed helpful devices, and the person to fashion a splint for a broken bone might be thought of as own been an associate degree, or early medical specialty engineer.

The process of genetic engineering:

1. A small piece of circular DNA called a plasmid is taken out of the bacteria or yeast cell.
2. A small section of the plasmid is then cut out by restriction enzymes called ‘molecular scissors’.
3. The gene for human insulin is then filled into a gap in the plasmid. This plasmid is now genetically modified.
4. The newly modified plasmid is introduced into the new bacteria/yeast cell.
5. The cell then splits rapidly so it can start making insulin.
6. To create large amounts of the cell, the modified bacteria/yeast are grown in large fermentation vessels that contain all the nutrients they require. The more the cell splits, the more insulin is created.
7. When fermentation is completed, the mixture is filtered to release the insulin.
8. The insulin is then purified and packaged into bottles and insulin pens for distribution to patients with diabetes.

What is Bioethics?

Bioethics questions the context behind modern medicine and healthcare. They draw on a doctrine excess of traditions, each profane and spiritual, to create civil discourse on contentious problems with ethical distinction on which the general public agrees. Bioethicists foster general knowledge and comprehension each of ethical philosophy and scientific advances intending. They note, however, medical technology will modify the approach we tend to expertise that means of health, health problem,s and ultimately, the approach we have a tendency to live and die.

Bioethics is multidisciplinary. It blends philosophy, theology, history, and law with medication, nursing, health policy, and the medical humanities. Insights from varied disciplines are dropped at the bare minimum on the advanced interaction of human life, science, and technology. Though its queries are as precious as mankind, the origins of moral philosophy as a field are newer and tough to capture during a single read.

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To say that ethics should be construed within the slender approach isn't to deny the importance of the sciences, social sciences, and law to ethics. These disciplines are clearly indispensable to sensible ethics. One cannot reach an enlightened conclusion regarding what ought to be drained in some sensible case if one doesn't have all the relevant data regarding the approach things are. Indeed, there are even circumstances wherever ethical disagreement is entirely eliminated once the relevant facts are established (which isn't to mention that no space is then left for moral questioning). Disciplines aside from philosophy play a vital role. However, a retardant arises once scientists, social scientists, and lawyers slip from doing what they're trained to try to go into doing philosophy. Though some do an affordable job with the latter, terribly several don't.

Positives and Negatives of Genetic Engineering (Regarding Bioethics):

Positives:

Food shortage could be a large downside within the world, particularly with the growing population and in overpopulated areas. We tend to destroy natural habitats to form, approach farmland, and overgrazing is inflicting current pastures to become dry and untenanted. The solution to the current downside is available in the shape of biotechnology. If they will alter the composition of vegetables and animals, then we will produce new foods that may have a lot of biological process price than nature creates on its own. We would even be able to advance to a degree where foods provide North American nations with medicines we want to fight widespread viruses and diseases. Food is one of the foremost promising areas when considering the prospect of biotechnology.

A lot of diseases depend on genetic predisposition. Some individuals have a higher chance of catching cancer, Alzheimer’s, and alternative diseases than their neighbors. With bioengineering, these problems will get eliminated once and for all. There will probably still be some environmental issues that may cause these diseases, however, with applied science, we can become immune to these genetic abnormalities. Case history won’t mean something once it involves things like cancer, and that will begin eliminating diseases that have supported genetic science.

Negatives:

There are a lot of moral issues with biotechnology. People who are very religious can see biotechnology as blasphemy, for example; We’d be “playing God,” in an exceeding sense. Anyone in the United Nations agency believes in creation is against biotechnology, particularly once it’s performed on human kids. People who aren’t religious won’t love biotechnology either. Genetically designed food would possibly work, however changing the genes of individuals can increase the overspill drawback we’re presently experiencing.

One of the biggest obstacles in gene-splicing is that the chance of errors or genetic defects, particularly once performed on humans. Scientists have a general understanding of what creates a functioning human, however, they don’t have all the items to the puzzle. When it comes right down to ever-changing humans at a cellular level, scientists don’t have an understanding of the little changes that will have an effect on the event of a growing baby. Ever-changing genes can cause a lot of damaging birth defects or perhaps miscarriages. Moreover, messing with diseases might find yourself making a super-disease that may be even more durable to fight. There are several variables within the physique for gene-splicing to figure out the fullest potential.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the subject of bioengineering is a very controversial one, especially when bioethics is a factor in it. I have listed the positives and negatives that can come from bioengineering and this is where you decide if it is a good thing or not. Is it worth taking the risks of failure if the operation doesn’t go as planned, do beliefs and religion really matter when you are trying to make what can be considered a revolutionary breakthrough? There are many more questions that you should think about regarding bioengineering and if it is right to sacrifice things that can be not only valuable to you, but to other people, and the effects it can have on us human beings.

Bibliography:

1. Ross, Rachel. “What Is Genetic Modification?” LiveScience, Purch, 1 Feb. 2019, www.livescience.com/64662-genetic-modification.html.
2. “What Is Genetic Engineering?” Facts, The Public Engagement Team at the Wellcome Genome Campus, 17 Feb. 2017, www.yourgenome.org/facts/what-is-genetic-engineering.
3. “Pros and Cons of Genetic Engineering - Benefits and Risks.” Conservation Institute, 1 Nov. 2018, www.conservationinstitute.org/genetic-engineering/.
4. Tiegreen, Tim. “What Is Bioethics?” Practical Bioethics, 17 Aug. 2018, www.practicalbioethics.org/what-is-bioethics.
5. Benatar, D. “Bioethics and Health and Human Rights: a Critical View.” Journal of Medical Ethics, BMJ Group, Jan. 2006, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2563274/.
6. Image Sources:
7. “What Is Genetic Engineering?” Facts, The Public Engagement Team at the Wellcome Genome Campus, 17 Feb. 2017, www.yourgenome.org/facts/what-is-genetic-engineering.