Measuring the capital at risk in the portfolio investment under the extreme scenario plays a vital role to enable the traders to foreseen the potential maximum capital loss at a particular time frame. The Value-at-Risk (VaR) is extensively adopted by the numerous financial institutions, investors and creditors as a risk assessment method to measure the maximum capital loss to an...
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In the ancient times, women were not allowed to even get education. Their role was purely to look after home. Their world was limited to their families. But then, the people slowly started recognizing the importance of education for women. And today, we find many highly educated women. They are progressing in real sense because in almost all sectors we...
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This chapter explains the background of the study, statement of the problem, objectives of the study, research questions, significance of the study, research hypotheses, scope of the study, limitations of the study and definitions used in the study. Malawi and Bader (2010) pointed out that investment is considered to be an important factor in economic growth. One of the prospective...
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Using forecasting techniques for predicting the changes in sales rates and, therefore, defining further strategies is a common pattern in modern business management (Simkin, Norman and Rose 318). The introduction of information technology tools has opened new horizons for marketers, yet also posed a range of threats in terms of the reliability of the data. Sales per click ratio, which...
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The word ‘money’ can be used in many different ways, but it has a very specific meaning to economists. Economists define money as anything that is generally accepted as payment for goods or services or in the repayment of debts. Just saying that money is currency is not a good enough definition for economists. Economists make a distinction between money...
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As the popular saying goes, if something is too good to be true then it probably is. This perfectly sums up the life and career of Bernie Madoff. At a point, he was one of the most sought-after investment managers in America. The cookie however crumbled in 2008 when it was discovered that he had no genuine investment plan but...
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Money saving is a habit, a process where we learn to be realistic. It is the most significant start of being practical. One can start save money only she or he has built up a mind set to face the reality or have any idea about currency importance value. Ways can be thousands of saving money. Money saving ways varies...
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More than 2,000 years ago, traders opened the transcontinental passage that connects Asia, Europe and Africa, nowadays known as the Silk Road. Trading ships created sea routes connecting the East with the West, forming the maritime Silk Road. These ancient silk routes opened windows of dialogue between peoples and nations. The modern China of the beginning second millennium A.D. under...
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Nowadays competitive economy banking sectors has been facing forceful challenges in regarding both customer base and performance. Giving customer satisfaction is highly significant function of service industry in today’s economic environment. Service quality is the excellent strategy and also play a key role in service sector in general and banking sector in particular to satisfy the customer’s need. The main...
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Small businesses are facing challenges with over-budgeting, especially the businesses just started. While small business is trying to overcome the over-budgeting, hurdle stands in their way. One of the most common reasons for small businesses is that they are paying extra money for telecommunication services. Businesses are still using traditional PABX which increases infrastructure costing, maintenance costing and other service...
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Would anyone assume that a young man who grew up from humble beginnings in a small Jewish middle-class family be responsible for the largest Ponzi schemes in American history? A young Hofstra graduate with a bachelor's degree in Political Science and hopes and aspirations to work on Wall Street. Bernie Lawrence Madoff was born on April 29, 1938, in Queens,...
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Axis Bank Ltd., the first bank to begin operations as a new private bank in 1994 after, Government of India allowed new private banks to be established. Axis Bank was jointly promoted by the Administrator of the specified undertaking of the: Unit Trust of India (UTI), Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) and General Insurance Corporation Ltd. Additionally, with associates...
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The greater aspect of utilizing capital budgeting models are limited income models. These models center around task's money inflow are outpourings while contemplating periodic estimation of money. Most significant and well known capital planning strategy has been Net Present Value (NPV). The NPV strategy registers the present estimation of all normal future incomes relying upon adequate pace of return. The...
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Money is a little bit different for a billionaire. Compared to an average american, a trip on a yacht is like a subway ride. A sports car is like a toy car. And a private island is like buying a home (Business Insider). Billionaires aren't the 1%, they're the .0001%. They can make a call and meet with a world...
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Costco Wholesale Corporation has performed well over the last five fiscal years (2015 through 2019). Net sales have increased by 30 per cent over the last 5 years. Comparable sales growth is accomplished by increasing the frequency of shopping from both new and existing members. Comparable sales growth is accomplished by increasing the frequency of shopping from both new and...
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Banks in Pakistan had been passed through various stages of development since independence. Throughout all these stages the marketing is not considered to be a banker’s cup of tea. But due to change in the economic structure and increased competition it has now become the fundamental management function. It is not only significant for the survival of the bank but...
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One man about escaped from one of the biggest bank schemes in the world totaling a cash amount of $13.375 billion dollars (SIPA). The name, Bernie Madoff, was one of the most talked about person during 2008 to 2009. He was arrested in late 2008 just on, “a criminal complaint alleging one count of securities fraud” (The United States Department...
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Different investment avenues are to be had to buyers. Mutual budget also offers correct investment opportunities to the investors.Like all investments, they also bring positive dangers. The traders must compare the dangers and predicted yields after adjustment of tax on numerous units at the same time as taking investment choices. The investors might also are seeking for advice from professionals...
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With digital upheaval rippling across the world rapidly, transforming industries and revolutionizing businesses with its power, no sector can afford to get marooned to the sidelines. As every industry engages in designing and developing approaches and methods to remain relevant in a world steered by technology, the banking sector is no exception. Customers, now familiarizing themselves with advanced technologies and...
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As used in everyday conversation, the word money can mean many things, but to economists it has a very specific meaning. To avoid confusion, we must clarify how economists’ use of the word money differs from conventional usage. Economists define money (also referred to as the money supply) as anything that is generally accepted as payment for goods or services...
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Chapter one. Introduction 1.1 Background of the Study Competitive advantage ensures that the firm survives and is placed in a prominent position in the market (Allan 2019). Thus, it is important for firms in an industry to develop competitive advantage over its competitors. According to De wit and Meyer (2010), a firm has a competitive advantage when it has the...
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Peremptory long-sightedness insinuates ended give out absorbed for view aggressive cost and their financing. It consolidates exemplary control saves and their utilization. It may be portrayed as firms' machination of anchoring and investment. It deals flatly all round flawless credo advice, which is greatest for round out carry out adventures realized among the available market openings. As hope for unbroken...
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The historical backdrop methods in capital budgeting been used for deciding ventures ranges and resources are rich and endless. Implementing on capital budgeting is unquestionable requirement, not only a decision. Achievement or disappointment of business thoroughly relies upon the correct strategy in planning used. As such, hugeness of the planning strategies includes either benefit or misfortune in the end. We...
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Introduction Funding for scientist’s research can be attained in many different ways through internal or external grants. External grants may include financial support from local organizations, state and central government organizations, international organizations, corporate sectors and non-government organizations (Parija et al, 2012). Depending on where this financial support may come from, for example if the funding comes from a source...
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Top-Down and Bottom-Up Budgeting The potential problems with top-down budgeting is inaccurate forecast. The reason inaccurate forecast is one is because the department leads have more understanding of the needs of the departments than senior leadership would (McQuerrey, 2019). When senior leadership handles without consultation of the department lead it could result in not properly funding the department and being...
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In a school, the students and district needs almost always overshadow the available resources required to meet the school’s needs. Budgeting is all about forming priorities. This includes budgeting fiscal, human, and physical resources. Decision making regarding priorities has to be driven by student achievement. A lot of times, it is obvious that the student needs are much more than...
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Introduction to Budgeting Software Now a day, what should be more demanding other than planning a personal or firm's earnings, expenses, and incomes? So to cope up with these circumstances, Top budgeting solution can make the job of tracking finances stress-free. It considered being as the most advanced technology and an ideal choice. There are several types of budgeting software,...
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The main perpetrators in Enron’s fraud scheme were Kenneth Lay, Jeffrey Skilling, Andy Fastow, Louis Borget, Thomas Mastroeni, Lou Pai, and Tim Belden. In addition, the accounting firm Arthur Anderson, the law firm Vinson and Elkins, and various banks were also involved. Kenneth Lay was the founder, chairman, and CEO of Enron. He convinced shareholders to invest in the company...
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At its least advanced, the Enron outrage is regarding falsity, the complexities of release and a framework that prizes organizations for what they give the impression of being like on paper. Obviously, it goes much more profound than that, since it's in addition a tale regarding however an oversized variety of people lost their assets by buying stock in a...
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HISTORY OF ENRON Enron was one of the largest US-based companies formed by Kenneth Lay in the year 1985. It has become an interstate and intrastate natural gas pipeline company. It offered its services to thousands of customers around the world. Enron had three main business units ranging wholesale service, retail energy service, broadband service and transportation. The wholesale service...
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