The Romans came to end because the senators murder the Gracchus brothers. The senators killed them because they were trying to the Gracchus brothers pushed reforms to help the poor by giving them land. According to the book, it said That is when competition for power by the great menâ Sulla, Pompey, and Julius Caesar peaked in destruction civil war.
Optimates and Populares:
Optimates and Populares were a group of senators reformed by the Gracchus Brothers. The Populares were a group of senates who appealed to a lot of people, and they wanted to win the support and popularity of the people to increase their standing in political office. The optimate's senates were known as the best men.
Julius Caesars:
Julius Caesars born in 100 B.C.E, gain declared his loyalty to the community, but really, he was pursuing his advancement. While doing so, he also had a powerful competitor named Gnaeus Pompey. Both Julius and Gnaeus created the civil war that ended the Roman Republic and led back to the monarchy. Pompey was a military fame in his early twenties, he won battles to support Sulla. Pompey defeated a massive slave rebellion created by the gladiator Spartacus. Pompey also ended the Seleucid king and expand Rome to the Mediterranean`s eastern coast. People thought Pompey was as good as Alexander the Great. Pompey did really care for the senate`s tradition of conquering foreign territories or behaving like an independent king. The people of Rome loved Pompey, the senators got jealous of all the attention and praise Pompey was getting. So, the senator blocked his organization and his land for his army veterans. Pompey then went to make a deal with his rivals Caesar and Crassus. They were Pompey`s political rivals. The three of them created an unofficial arrangement called the First Triumvirate. All three of them had a different view of politics, to make them bind, Caesar had his daughter Julia marry Pompey even though Julia was engaged to someone else. According to the book, Pompey and Julia apparently fell in love in their arranged marriage. Pompey loved Julia, so that kept peace between him and Caesars.
In 50 B.C.E, Caesars gain his loyalty by winning the war in Gaul. After the war, Caesar added Gaul to Roman provinces. When Caesar returned to Rome, his political enemies dreaded his return. When Julia died in 54 B.C.E., Pompey broke his bond with Caesars. Then the two of them broke out in violence. The war got so bad in 53 B.C.E, the election was canceled.
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The civil war began when the Senate commanded Caesar to surrender his command. Caesar got angry, so he attacked Rome like Sulla. When Caesar told his people that the war had begun and they can`t turn back. The people of his instead of leaving cheered him on and followed him. Caesar got so many supporters, it made Pompey and most of the senators leave Greece. Caesar returned peacefully back to Rome. Caesar then left to attack Spain, then to Greece. He almost lost because he ran out of supplies. If it weren`t for his loyal armies, he probably wouldn`t have won. Caesar defeated the senates and Pompey, then Pompey went to Egypt, and he got killed by the pharaoh.
Caesar invaded Egypt in 69 B.C.E. He won and put Cleopatra VII back in the Egyptian throng in 30 B.C.E. Cleopatra charmed her way to make Caesar share a bed with her and made him support her rule. Everyone was shocked about their love affair.
Caesar won the civil war in 45 B.C.E. Caesar wanted to end the violence of the factions (Optimates and Populares). The oldest republic tradition forbids monarchy, so Caesar made himself king without the title, he uses the Roman title of a dictator and used it as a temporary emergency ruler. He told his people that he will continue as a dictator with no terms and that he is not a king. Caesar treated his opponents kindlier, so he would have grateful clients. How Caesar was ruling satisfy his people but made the optimates mad. They called Caesar a traitor because Caesar used to be one of their people, but the optimates got defeated by Caesar. Marcus Junius Brutus, one of Caesar`s close friends, led some of the senators. They made a plot to kill Caesar. They stabbed him to death in the Senate house on March 15, 44 B.C.E. At Caesar`s funeral, people rioted and vent their anger against the upper class and they also robbed them. The people could reform a united front, but the elite reenter their personal feud. Therefore, the republic couldn`t save its traditional value.
The Roman Republic came to an end because the republic got too big. Soldiers and armies went to different parts of the republic and became loyal to their general instead of Rome. All the generals fought each other to see who is more powerful. The senates couldn`t run the provinces that were too far from them, so they had the generals to run them. The generals became dictators. They had corruption in government and politics. Constant war and the abuse of taxation police caused the rich and poor relationship to an end. Basically, the roman republic came to an end because the civil war started between different loyalties for them to gain more power. After Caesar`s death, people started to riot, and the elites return to their life.
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