Abstract
Darknet has become a hub for piracy communities. It providing cyber criminals with the ability to freely discuss and sell unknown and emerging exploits. This paper focuses on studying the effectiveness of automated learning to provide information about threat intelligence from darknet penetration forums. Develop an effective system for extracting information from communities and applying automated learning methods to predict high threat elements. These potentially threatening actors include user generated contributions that may be intended to sell or discuss cybersecurity exploits. In particular, the study focuses on identifying day to day threats. This module provides a great ability for cyber security professionals to create advance threat intelligence information for a more proactive defensive approach by reviewing Darknet forums, extracting data and building an automated learning model. The paper reviews different classification methods to predict threat levels using text extraction, Naive Bayes, Nearest Neighbor, Random Forest and Vector Machine.
Introduction
Threat intelligence quickly became ever more powerful priority. There is a general awareness of the need to 'threaten' Intelligence, sellers fall on themselves to offer A confusing variety of threat intelligence products. The promise of smartly attractive threat. Organizations should help to understand and business risk management for unknown conversion Threats to known and mitigating threats, Improving the effectiveness of the defense. After all, you need target targeted attacks defense. If the analysis is performed correctly, IQ products threat can be Really useful for business, providing real benefits at all levels, from defenders to the ground to the board. However, the intelligence threat is currently not precisely defined, with little agreement compatibility on what it is and how to use it. There is a risk that it is in a hurry to keep with the direction of threat intelligence, Organizations will end up paying big Cash for products that are interesting but of little value in terms of Improve the security of their business. Doing intelligently the threat is important, but doing so correctly is critical. To address this, I reviewed many InfoSec authorities, the area is designed as a frame for Threat intelligence can be scaled down Different sectors, organization sizes and organizational objectives.
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What is Cyber Threat Intelligence?
Intelligence is defined regularly as Information that can be disposed of Change results. It is worth considering traditional intelligence before exploration intelligence threat, as in many ways this is simply traditional intelligence apply to cyber threats. Since Defense Department briefing Donald Rumsfeld In 2002, the concept of 'known' and 'Anonymous' tend to appear regularly at discussions on the subject of intelligence. 'Unknown' is a threat do not know we do not know, In other words, we have no idea that the threat Even exists. For example, we completely unaware that there are those waiting outside office to attack the CEO. Known Unknown is something we know I do not know, maybe we were told CEO will be attacked outside Office, but we have no details about who, why, when or how. One description of threat intelligence is the process of moving threads from 'unknown assailants' to 'known unknowns' By detecting threats, and Then 'known unknowns' became known as ' Known, where the threat is well understood and ease them. For example, when we are the chief executive will be attacked out our office, we find the attackers. However, this is great Challenge in traditional intelligence equally when applied to cyber threats. Butler's intelligence review on Weapons of mass destruction note a Limit intelligence, in it often incomplete and rarely gets the whole The story as intelligence seeks by nature to gain knowledge of other things we are blocking.
In the world of information and cyber Security, intelligence and threat is a young man domain. There are a large number of threat Intelligence vendors and consulting papers which describe very different products and activities under the slogan 'Threat Intelligence”. As with conventional intelligence, the basic definition is that threat intelligence is information that can help make decisions, in order to prevent an attack and reduce the time it takes to discover attack. Intelligence can also be information instead of helping specific decisions. Helps to shed light on the scene of risk. However, the nature of that information can vary greatly, often with almost no or comparability between various intelligence offers threat. The prices for a similar offers may also vary significantly with 100 times differences in prices of different products providers, even when claiming products to meet the same need. Products and services are sold as a threat intelligence can vary greatly in their lives Scope, usability, objectives and content. For example, some products come in the form of prose explains it developments in a particular area, while in the lower level, others may be influx of coordinated indicators in XML format, Such as IP addresses or binary hashes. Even within similarly established sources, such as feeds the settlement indicators. There is very little overlap between competition products. Recent research suggests that in the three common feeds for IP addresses that have been marked contains more than 20,000 IP addresses. This indicates that the attackers are using huge numbers of IP addresses. Probably The truth is a mixture of both interpretations. As the market demand for threat grow intelligence with a large number from organizations that are interested in them products or build programs actively. Some vendors offer current products or reformat versions of the list products as 'threat intelligence'.
Types of Threat Intelligence
Any information about threats that Helping to inform decisions can be a threat Intelligence. This broad definition it clearly covers a huge variety of sources Information. The use of these relatively abstract sources will more often be more consciously conscious of threats of organizations using the poor Expensive products. With the fall of many different sources threat intelligence class can do that it would be useful to have subdivisions for concentration effort and better management of information. For example, a national prose report activity cannot be compared to an IP address their actions cannot be done in the same way. Identify types of threat intelligence it can be based on who consumes intelligence and what it aims to achieve. We suggest a model collapses intelligence threat to four distinct Categories based on consumption. The following is a summary of the four categories:
Strategic Threat Intelligence is high-level Information, consumed at the Board level or before Senior decision makers. Does not seem to be artistic can cover things like the financial impact of cyberspace, attack Trends and areas that may affect at High level business decisions. For example a report will indicate that the particular government believes to penetrate a foreigner companies that have direct competitors inside their home and thus board you may think about this fact when you weigh the benefits and risks of entering it competitive market and to help Assign them a voltage and budget to ease expected attacks. Strategic Threat Intelligence is almost exclusively in a form of prose, such as reports and briefings or conversations.
Operational Threat Intelligence is Information about specific imminent Attacks against the organization Initially consumed by a higher level of security Staff, such as security managers or heads respond to the incident. Any organization like to be very much a real practical threat Intelligence. In the majority of cases, the government only has sort of access to attack groups and the infrastructure needed to collect this kind of intelligence. For the threats of nation states, simply cannot be any private entity to legally access to the relevant communication channels are then good Intelligence operational threat will not be an option for many. There are cases, where intelligence can be operational such as when the organization targeted by more public actors including hacktivists. It is recommended for organizations To focus on these cases where details Attacks can be found from open source Intelligence or access providers with forums closed chat. Another form of Intelligence is an operational threat that may be available are those derived from existing activity Attacks where activities or events are specified in the result of real world attacks in cyberspace Domain. In such cases, future attacks sometimes we can expect the following Some events. This linkage of attacks to real world events is a common practice in physical security but less common In cyber security.
Tactical Threat Intelligence Often Referred to as tactics, techniques, and Procedures (TTPs) and information about how actors threaten to launch attacks. Tactical intelligence is consumed by defenders and incident responders make sure that their defenses and alarm the probe is prepared for the current Tactics. For example, the fact that the attackers they use tools for clear text credentials then return those credentials through PsExec is a tactical intelligence that can be paid defenders to change and prevent policy Interactive recordings by officials by ensure capture will use PsExec4 tactical threat intelligence is often acquired by reading white or technical papers press and communicate with peers in others organizations to see what they see Attackers, or purchase from a provider of this intelligence.
Technical Threat Intelligence is Information that is Consistently consumed through technology Means. An example is IP feed URLs suspected of being malicious or Involved as command and control servers. Technical intelligence threat is often the short lived attacks can also easily change IP addresses or modify MD5 amounts. Thus Need to consume such intelligence Automatically. Intelligence technical threat usually the investigation feeds or Control functions for a business.
Threat Intelligence Cycle and Functions
Collapse intelligence threat to specific functions more scalable as well employees are likely to be more skilled in particular aspects of intelligence. Individual parts it focus on the cycle and its development, while it will be easier to track the inadequacy results from the program for specific weaknesses. The steps in the cycle are as follows:
Requirements: decision makers need to determine exactly what they want to know and what should be the threat intelligence program with them. For example, Let us know of all widely known and widely vulnerabilities exploited during one day of become known. This could be so referred to as tasks. Requirements can also be more demanding From threat intelligence teams, such as 'Get details and Samples of the majority of criminal groups Remote access tools for our forensics Working teams. Threat intelligence teams need to work with them Decision makers to agree on the requirements which is not only feasible but decisively, which will supply the products on which the organization will be able to act.
Collection: a Step that can dominate much of threat intelligence's budget is collection Information or expected data, to meet the requirements. The information can come from great variety of sources such as, news feeds, Paid services or feeds, forums, white Leaves and human resources. Almost all paid for intelligence threats from sellers coming under this category will require it form of analysis. Understand what the required sources are likely to be produced Information and to be reliable and provide Information that can be consumed in time.
Analysis: Convert data to information which actions can often require analysis. In some cases, the analysis will be relatively simple. In other Cases will require extraction related information from a larger job such as, a report and understand the elements applies to the assets of the organization. To the important role of the analyst is to look for opportunities to create new types of intelligence through the synthesis of the current intelligence. For example, the parser may spend some time reading through white papers extracting the compromise pointers. Also identify operational intelligence Can be given to network advocates. After reading these papers and others sources, the analyst may specify directions that can be grouped together in strategic intelligence product to higher management. Interaction between the collection and analysis often occurs where, analysts are aware that the group is not production of raw materials required. Maybe that's the different information you need To be collected for appropriate analysis. The group can then be modified The continued analysis.
Production: At this stage, An intelligence product is created posted to customers (senior Executives, network engineers, Defenders, etc.). The product will be different depending on the subtype of intelligence and customer. For example, perhaps Require a three line report to the council, White paper for defenders, or simply Base added to defensive devices.
Evaluation: Another often neglected stage of intelligence threat is an assessment of the intelligence product to ensure that Meet original requirements. If requirements are met, then the product can feed requirements to help develop new deeper requirements which builds on the intelligence product. The intelligence cycle can be repeated. If it was intelligence produces threat does not meet requirements, then suggest failure in at some point. The model can be a session used to determine where failure occurred. Are the requirements unrealistic? Act Collect the use of wrong sources? It was Data contained in sources but not Developed during the analysis, or did the final Product does not contain acquired intelligence?
Building a Threat Intelligence Programme
As mentioned previously, it is very important that the threat Intelligence focuses on requirements with the stage of threat requirements. The flow of intelligence determines which questions you need an answer. Since definition both conventional intelligence and threat is only information that can be acted upon it makes sense that organizations must also ensure. They will be able to act on the answers request. Resources and tasks will be required by both intelligence and threat function and whoever intends to work on what is produced Intelligence. For example, obtain the MD5 / SHA-1 list disaggregate if the organization does not have the capacity to do so look for binaries with those on the hash network or hosts. Once the requirements are determined, the next step is to select sources from The information and data to be collected, along with the analysis needed to produce Intelligence threat is executable.
Sharing Threat Intelligence
In the realm of traditional intelligence, the need to “know' is a solid security principle. By restricting information to those who really need it, you can reduce stolen data when someone arrives that has been hacked. In today's world of effective motivation attackers, often with state funded nationalism and the provision of resources such security principles very important when it comes to limitation loss of information. However, in the world of threat intelligence there is also a need to participate principle. If you participate all types of threat intelligence, other organizations will help defense against attacks by creating participation of communities and relationships. Everyone can benefit from each other intelligence. The company can be damaged when there are competing business computers hacked because stolen information can often use against other organizations in the same sector and if it is a national state keen to support its own companies. Moreover, many attacks are not targeted one organization is in isolation. As whole communities attack, those communities need defense. The goal is lift the bar and increase continuously cost for an attacker.
How to Share Threat Intelligence
Different types of threat intelligence you will need to share them in different ways. However, active participation requires confidence as shared information. They may be sensitive for example, detection you were attacked. Trust is also important on another level as is generally unwise to allow players to threat to know what you know about them. The attackers may have realized that their tools are not connected to the home. However This does not mean they know how management to stop them, so what they need to change. For these reasons closed and reliable groups can enable deeper sharing. Otherwise it would be possible. Groups it can take multiple forms for example, there is the exchange of information for different industries operated by parts of the UK the government there is online Portal CiSP, which ensures that members they are the legitimate individuals in the approval Organizations. Various industrial sectors it has groups sharing information. Sometimes by forum and sometimes simply via email list. There is too less formal groups such as those set up public forums online. More set its members can be trusted and security of information within the group and more effective to be involved. Organizations are advised to seek of these groups if they do not exist, to Consider its establishment. Support this Groups by encouraging employees to contribute. It can come from a reliable personality relationships with people are similarly developed In other organizations. This of course is not scalable and can take some time to build needed confidence while the needs of participation to be mutually beneficial for Succeed. However, the value of this relations should not be underestimated. It must be supported directly. Attendance in communication groups and sharing information can be helpful, but there are also small ways to help with development. These productive relationships such as allow members of the intelligence team threat to guide meals with their legitimate commercial expenses.
Vulnerability Assessment and Threat Intelligence
Some organizations include exposure assessment within threat range intelligence function. Threat intelligence function has grown up from the team that manages the weaknesses. This is it can make sense in both cases the team is whose task is to find information on a wider scale Internet, information analysis to decide whether it applies to business and then working on it. Even organizations can tends to look at weakness notification as 'Threat Intelligence'. Distinction between vulnerability Information and intelligence threat Fluent. That a gap exists in the product used by the organization is important information and requiring action but it is not specific threat information. However, the information that a certain attack group exploits a known weaknesses as I saw shortly after Security error issued Heartbleed. Whether or not the same team is being processed assessment of vulnerability and threat IQ is up to the individual Organization, but care should be taken avoid obscuring the team's goals in a harmful way of her job. Vulnerability assessment Must be continuous and business as usual Function to detect known vulnerabilities that the patching can be originated through missed or configuration error. Intelligence threat you must be responsive to evolution requirements with a clear task. Interaction between intelligence and threat vulnerability assessment is often desirable. For example, the intelligence team threat specifies that a particular security vulnerability exists being actively exploited, especially when there are indications that exploitation is speak within the organization the industrial sector, it must lead to an assessment of vulnerability beyond borders to ensure this that any such attack on the organization will fail.
Conclusions
The risk of intelligence is at great risk to become a buzz word. With so many offers divergent and even great pressures 'do' threat intelligence. Risk organizations invest large amounts of time and money with little positive impact on security. However, by taking threat intelligence to its own intelligence roots applying the same strict principles, strategy can be much more effective. As with conventional intelligence and addressing cyber threats requires careful planning, implementation and evaluation. Only then can an organization hopes to target its defenses effectively and increase the awareness of threats and improved response to potential attacks. Much can be learned from a successful threat intelligence study Software, as is useful common mistakes underlying the threat Intelligence programs fail to deliver real business benefits. It quickly becomes clear that effective intelligence is focused on them. The questions that an organization wants to answer rather than simply try to collect, handle and handle massive amounts of data. However, it is important to ask the right questions in the first place. Subsequently this research is discussed in detail in the requirements identification cycle and compiled analyze data and convert results into a consumable product evaluate the usefulness of this product which feeds on it again asking 'better' and more useful questions for the future. There is also a value in breaking the threat intelligence into subtypes, Depending on who uses it, where it comes from and how much work benefit really offers. By relying heavily on one type or error Type of threat intelligence and risk organizations waste effort while leaving themselves vulnerable to attack. Resources and budgeting will always be a business problem institutions. It is important to realize that the most useful sources threat Intelligences not necessarily the most expensive. Enormous the value can be obtained for example, from the exchange of intelligence with other organizations, individual contacts between one person can be the same from the simplest, but most effective sources of information for implementation. This research examines the benefits that can be gained from participation IQ threat, how to do it without exposing Organization for unnecessary business risks.
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